International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

At the present stage soil tillage is done mainly by applying the principles of mechanics. Its development is in three directions: improvement of the working bodies, increasing the productivity of agricultural machinery and power of tractors. All these directions lead to the accumulation of a wide variety of attachments, very large in size and mass of agricultural machines and tractors, which ultimately go to its limits. These features of the present-day stage are exhausted. It is necessary to look for other methods for tillage of the soil, using other principles of the physics or other areas of science.

Evaluation of the performance of soil tillage machines is carried out in one or more indicators making a quantitative comparison between them or their criteria or generalized ones. These methods can provide an independent evaluation of one or another machine. They can not determine the degree of perfection of the machine. Proposed a comprehensive evaluation criterion the degree of perfection of the machines. It is used to estimate the plow, created by us and a standard one. It is proved that the new plow has a degree of perfection – a complex criterion D = 0,727. In this case D – criteria is 1.35 times higher than the standard plow, i.e. the new plow is more sophisticated than the standard, but not ideal.

They are investigated the main technical and economical indices of mechanized operations for sesame growing and harvesting with grain harvester. The ABC (Activity Based Costing) approach is applied for calculating all production expenses. It is determined that the application of mentioned technology is profitable when the area exceeds 53 hectars, the average yield is above 980 kg/ha and harvest losses are below 52 %. The harvest composes 9,94 % from total expenses, but the share of losses of this operation determines the economic efficiency of the whole mechanized production of sesame.

It is known that the classical plough not fully reverse the soil layer. As a result, the top soil is placed at various depths below the surface of the field. Proposed a plough for fully reverse of the soil layer with extended rear plow body. As a result, an additional resistive force was created which displaces linkage point on the plow. Is obtained analytical dependence for the determination of the displacement of the linkage point of the plow for fully reverse of soil layer. The same relationship is illustrated for different numbers (2 to 10) plow bodies with working width of 35 cm.

They are investigated qualitative indices of a grain harvester New Holland CX8060 at sesame harvesting. The sesame genotype 4083 is used for experiments. It is developed at IRGR – Sadovo (Bulgaria) and has non dehiscent capsules at maturation. The tested harvester reaches seed’s purity of 84,4 % and loses up to 22%, two-thirds from which are due to the header. The high seed’s humidity of 14,4% has been the main reason for decreasing their germination capacity from 20 to 50 % by the harvester. Generally, the grain harvester does not met requirements at sesame harvesting at Bulgarian conditions, therefore is recommended developing a specialised unit for this agricultural operation.