International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

In this work the constructive solution of the friction node is proposed, which provides the possibility to obtain reliable information about the tribological characteristics of the materials for work in heavy loaded slip supports. The method of determining the expediency of application in friction pairs of different materials is considered, which is based on certain shapes and sizes of the contact spot and the state of the friction track on the counter bodies. The efficiency of polycrystalline superhard materials application based on the wurtzite boron nitride in heavy loaded friction pairs due to an increase in the antifriction characteristics of the pair by the formation of graphitelike boron nitride on the surface of a thin film В2О2 as a result of the reverse phase transformation of dense phases (cBN + wBN) → gBN is shown.

It has been established that in the study of a solid surface by atomic force microscopy, the hydrophobic interaction is more advantageous due to a decrease in the interaction forces between the probe and the liquid adsorbed on the surface under study. Despite the fact that silicon is a hydrophobic material, it has been shown that the material acquires hydrophilic properties in air, as a result of which the use of carbon-modified probes has been proposed. An approach to experimental statistical modeling is proposed, based on the experiment planning method, which shows that with a scanning speed of 12 μm / s, a scanning step of up to 82 nm and a delay time before scanning of 6 ms, the interaction force between the probe and the adsorbed liquid reaches minimum values. As a result of the research, it was found that with a decrease in the scanning speed, a scanning step and an increase in the delay time of the probe before measurement, the interaction between the probe and the liquid membrane is hydrophobic. It is shown that by changing the initial parameters, it is possible to control the hydrophobic interaction between the probe and the liquid. It has been established that increased air humidity leads to hydrophilic interaction. This is due to the increase in the thickness of the adsorbed liquid layer on the surface under study.

The results of microprocessing by the ribbon-shaped electron beam of the elements of optical measuring instruments (the material of such elements – K8 glass) with the initial nanorelief of surfaces 15-22 nm after industrial grinding and polishing are presented. Based on the results of studies using a computerized complex control system based on an atomic force microscope, it was established that after electron-beam microprocessing, the nanorelief of optical elements of measuring instruments decreased to 1.5-2.2 nm, satisfying to the requirements put forward to their surfaces.

The optimum ranges of the electron beam parameters change (density of heat exposure and speed of movement), within which there is a substantial improvement (more than 2 … 3 times) of the basic properties of the surface layers of the optical elements are found. The tests of the optical windows of laser rangefinders under intensive external heating and hemispherical optical fairings of IR devices at supersonic blowing by air flow and axisymmetric rotation that simulate real operating conditions, have shown that in the case of processed by electron beam optical windows and fairings it reduces the number of their destruction and increases the reliability of the devices during the operation, taking into account the impact of external-heat.

The results of experimental studies to improve the properties of the surface layers of the elements of optical glass (K8, K108, 6 8 2 K208, BK10, TF110) after their processing by mobile electron beam with density of heat exposure F = 7·10 …8·10 W/m and n -3 -2 displacement speed V = 5·10 …5·10 m / s (a reduction of residual microroughness height at the surface from 4 … 6 nm (unprocessed elements) to 0.5 … 1 nm (processed elements), the occurrence of melted layers of thickness up to 250 … 300 microns with a modified structure, which is close to the quartz glass) are presented. It was found that the improvement of these properties increases the resistance of elements to external-heat: an increase in 1.3 … 1.7 times of the critical value of external heat fluxes and the time of their exposure, the excess 5 7 of which leads to the destruction of elements and damage to the test instrument turndown external pressure 10 …10 Pa; increasing the maximum permissible values of thermal stress in the elements from 20 … 40 MPa to 90…100 MPa heating temperatures 300 … 1200 K;an increase of the probability of failure-free operation in the 2 … 2.5 times by increasing the speed of the external heating from 100 K / s to 400 K / s.

The results of experimental studies of the influence of electron beam parameters (density of heat action, the speed of movement) on the properties of the surface layers of the elements of optical ceramics (changes in the structure of the material through the thickness of the element, the amount of surface microhardness, values of residual thermal stresses in the layers, the thickness of the hardened layers, their stability to external thermal and mechanical stresses) are. The optimum range of parameters of the beam, within which there is improvement in the properties of the surface layers of the optical elements, which leads to the increase of the basic technical-operational characteristics of devices based on (reliability, lifetime) in the conditions of use of devices with the influence of external-heat are established.

The practical possibility of the atomic force microscopy method to evaluate uniformity of thin metal coatings on silicon wafers after electronic processing has been shown in the paper. It is established that after processing of metallized surfaces of silicon plates Kp0 by an electronic flow of continuous form, the microroughness decreases in 10-15 times and the Adhesive strength increases in 1.8-2 times. At the same time, it is noted that the surface of metal coatings on silicon after electronic processing has a more homogeneous structure and released from microdefects, unlike metallized coatings without electronic processing.

The results of experimental studies to improve the properties of the surface layers of the elements of optical glass (K8, K108, K208, BK10, TF110) after their processing by mobile electron beam with density of heat exposure Fn = 7·10⁶…8·10⁸ W/m² and displacement speed V = 5·10^-3…5·10^-2 m/s (a reduction of residual microroughness height at the surface from 4 … 6 nm (unprocessed elements) to 0.5 … 1 nm (processed elements), the occurrence of melted layers of thickness up to 250 … 300 microns with a modified

structure, which is close to the quartz glass) are presented. It was found that the improvement of these properties increases the resistance of elements to external-heat: an increase in 1.3 … 1.7 times of the critical value of external heat fluxes and the time of their exposure, the excess of which leads to the destruction of elements and damage to the test instrument turndown external pressure 10⁵…10⁷ Pa; increasing the maximum permissible values of thermal stress in the elements from 20 … 40 MPa to 90…100 MPa heating temperatures 300 … 1200 K; an increase of the probability of failure-free operation in the 2 … 2.5 times by increasing the speed of the external heating from 100 K / s to 400 K / s.