International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

In this study, we aim to realize a methodology for designing the spinal column of a quadruped robot employing additive manufacturing techniques. Additive manufacturing processes have gained widespread usage owing to their ability to swiftly develop prototypes for research and actualize production-grade components. Our research commenced with the acquisition of vertebral dimensions sourced from real animals such as cheetahs. These dimensions were pivotal inputs for conducting kinematic analyses of the animal’s locomotion cycle.
Through meticulous kinematic analysis, it was delineated the various positions assumed by the spinal column throughout the locomotion cycle. Furthermore, we assessed the maximal force to which the spinal column could be subjected. This evaluation formed a robust foundation for exploring diverse modeling approaches to identify the optimal solutions. An innovative solution emerged through the utilization of a beam featuring a variable cross-section. This approach facilitated precise customization of the design to align with our specific requirements. To manufacture all requisite components for the spinal column, we employed a single 3D printer utilizing the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique with PLA material. To validate the computational methods, it was developed a sophisticated test bench. By juxtaposing theoretical predictions against tangible experimental data, it was affirmed the accuracy of the theoretical approach. This validation serves as a springboard for subsequent phases in the design and production processes of quadruped robots.

In personalized mechanical parts production, an important issue is the functionality of the part itself in the chain of multi assembled parts. There are cases when same custom parts need to be produced by fulfilling the solution of connecting two or more elements together and creating a functional mechanical system. Personalized components that are going to feet in between two existing and functional element or systems are difficult to be produced. These difficulty in terms of mechanical solutions means, dimensional accuracy tolerances of the new part and real existing features parts. By creating these personalized middle nodes which will connect two existing elements the precision accuracy feature, like tolerances, is very important. The challenges are bigger when dealing with maximum lifespan performance while withstanding mechanical shock and minimizing fatigue destruction problems. Reducing such a challenging task the 3D scanners and reverse engineering workflow fill the gap by increasing precision and accuracy tolerances digitalization’s of existing parts, creating the reverse counterpart, and reducing time to market. In our work we show a full workflow from non-contact 3D scans, reverse engineering process, for CNC aluminium milling of the digitized part in a real application sector such as modified car application. This attempt will show the benefits of active 3D scanner by surpassing some challenges such as metallic surface reflection problem that arises during scan. In the end the entire process gives to the user all the detailed technical documentation including drawings, materials, and manufacturing instructions.

The final products that emerge from innovative production processes for different electric vehicle parts are Aluminum profiles of all designs for applications such as doors, structural and semi-structural parts, etc. The production line of these products is automated, where every work process, is controlled by CNC panels in which they are implemented and programmed with different software. The automation of the production processes tends to improve the quality of the product and tends to optimize the production process to minimize and decrease production waste. This paper presents the production process of different electric vehicle parts and how their quality is evaluated by using PFMEA analysis according to the quality standards. The implementation of quality standards resulted in product quality and enterprise quality management system improvement.

The most important areas of the industry, need products with short development stages. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), are an integrated solution to the overall conception and product development cycles; the same competition is based on the development of new products with technological features, design and functional solutions in the shortest time. In this paper are discussed different process parameters for fused deposition modelling that affects the parts quality by using a low-cost 3D printer machine in order to produce an industrial product. The process parameters taken into the analysis, resulted effective in improving final parts quality.

Recently, development in the 3D technology is becoming more evident. The diffusion of the acquisition systems is helped from the rapid evaluation of the information technology and Mechatronics, permitting low-cost system by using off-the-shelf hardware (webcam, projectors, etc.) for 3D scanning. This paper is focused on the development, implementation and testing of an automated low cost motorized active 3D structured light scanning system (SLS). The scanner is based on the software platform of the DAVID Laser Scanner Vision Systems GmbH’s. Advanced of basic technologies for comparing the scanned data, will show the differences in performance of the 3D data acquisition with a test to reference approach with a commercial scanning system.

With time going by, industries have revolutionized, and continuous upgrade has taken place to strengthen its functionality of resources sharing and integration capabilities of functional units. The article aims to identify and suggest industrial models with the country’s potential in adapting Industry 4.0, and conceptual implementation in an Albanian company. The work clears the overall picture of Industry 4.0 in a country with modest adaptation potential, where technologies adapt to the country’s current needs. The study is based in an analysis of the most important indexes to understand the overall approach of adaptation. All the concepts and analysis are finalized with the Industry 4.0 principle and implementation in the Sideral company. The methods presented offer some good proposals for further
implementation policies in industrial companies