International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Current diagnostic approaches, although widely applied, often fail to identify defects at the earliest stages of their development. This limitation not only reduces operational efficiency but also results in unplanned downtime, costly repairs, and increased risks to both personnel and the environment. Unlike conventional techniques, AE enables real-time detection of microstructural changes associated with defect initiation and provides valuable information about their severity and rate of progression. Obtained results confirm that the AE method allows reliable identification of early-stage defects, enabling the prediction of their further development and the assessment of the technical condition of critical engine components. These findings demonstrate that AE-based monitoring can serve as an effective diagnostic and prognostic tool, enhancing the safety, energy and environmental efficiency. The study involved placing AE sensors on specific areas of the engine. The engine was then operated in various modes, with the AE system recording AE signals. The results were analyzed (express analysis) to identify the sources of the AE signals.

The subject of the article is the planning and comprehensive preparation of an experiment for monitoring the condition of a satellite’s structure under vacuum conditions modelled using a space environment simulator. Simulating the space environment is essential for verifying the performance of materials, structural components and equipment prior to their actual launch. Such testing makes it possible to confirm the correctness of material selection, the accuracy of engineering calculations and the validity of technical decisions made during the design phase. The behaviour of materials under vacuum, extreme temperatures, sharp thermal fluctuations, and exposure to cosmic radiation may differ significantly from their performance under standard operating conditions on Earth.

The objective of this study is to develop a system for recording and processing acoustic emission signals. The research focuses on designing cost-effective experimental equipment for investigating acoustic emission processes under laboratory conditions, with the capability of being reconfigured for specific applications depending on loading conditions and methods, material properties, environmental conditions, etc. A laboratory rig for recording and analysing acoustic emission data has been developed and experimentally tested. This paper presents the system’s block diagram and its operational algorithm. Furthermore, the correlation between the results of statistical processing of the recorded data and the physical characteristics of the input signals is demonstrated using model acoustic signals, incorporating various components of the developed rig.

The study of the acoustic properties of a pipeline section was conducted in accordance with standards regulating acoustic emission testing of pressure vessels and related activities. To achieve this objective, an experiment was performed to emit acoustic signals on the surface of the pipeline section. Based on the test results and assessment, corrective measures were prescribed to restore the pipeline to optimal operational condition. A multi-channel acoustic system was utilized to carry out the tests on the pipeline section.

An important aspect in organizing acoustic emission monitoring is the analysis of recorded data and selecting useful information. Despite noise suppression using frequency methods, its quantity in the recorded information can reach 99% because the process of degradation during operation typically progresses slowly, whereas the presence of acoustic noise is an inherent attribute of the technological process.
Noise suppression after data recording is carried out within the framework of the monitoring system’s software, although filtering algorithms may be specific to each application.

The probability of flying safely in an adverse event situation is related to the probability of being hit and surviving it. Assessing the hazard of adverse events is an important task in aviation accident prevention. The correct quantitative determination of the potential danger of an event allows timely and targeted development of preventive measures: the introduction of new or improvement of old technology, training in actions under certain conditions, etc.

Acoustic emission (AE) is the process of emission of mechanical waves by materials caused by dynamic local restructuring of its internal structure under the influence of stresses of any kind. The source of AE is plastic deformation, the formation and growth of cracks, the outflow of a working fluid (liquid or gas) through holes. The AE method, unlike other methods of non-destructive testing (NDT), is passive, i.e. using the physical field of emission generated by the defects themselves. The acoustic emission (AE) method is based on the registration and analysis of acoustic waves arising in the process of plastic deformation and fracture (crack growth) of diagnostic objects. It makes possible to determine the places where the structure of the material changes when lightning strikes the covering of the elevating rudder for the composite laminate from which the elevating rudder of the RRJ aircraft is made.