International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

We focused on the assessment of the quality of work of the selected seeder used in soil protection technologies, with the aim of optimizing its efficiency and contributing to sustainable agriculture. Soil protection technologies, which are increasingly important in connection with soil degradation and changes in climate conditions, require precise and efficient agricultural tools. Seeders play a key role in seed application, and their performance directly affects soil quality and crop yields. We monitored the accuracy of sowing, uniformity of seed distribution, depth of their planting, as well as the impact of the seeder’s work on soil structure and protection against erosion. The research results provide comprehensive information on the effectiveness of the seeder in terms of soil protection technologies, identify potential shortcomings in its performance and suggest possible improvements. These findings are relevant for agricultural practice, where a combination of high yields and soil protection is required, and contribute to the optimization of technological processes in modern agriculture.

In this paper, we focused on evaluating the quality of work of the IMPRESS 3160 V MASTER baler with a variable chamber from Pöttinger, designed for harvesting bulk forage. The research was carried out during the silage of red clover, with the main goal being to analyze the influence of different driving speeds and technical settings of the machine, such as the number of active cutting knives, on the quality of the resulting bales. The results point to specific combinations of technical parameters and speeds that lead to the optimization of harvesting and increase the quality of the forage. The findings can serve as a basis for more effective use of the machine in practice and for achieving higher productivity and nutritional value of the silage

In our conditions, corn is the most cultivated crop, because it is used mainly as feed for cattle. However, germination as well as the amount of maize produced is influenced by a number of factors, in which it is necessary to focus on achieving uniform emergence, sowing within the optimal time period, achieving the right density and achieving an even distance between plants. The choice of sowing technique has a great influence on the formation of the future harvest, since sowing is one of the most important work operations, usually with an irreversible condition. In this paper, we focused on the comparison of Horsch seeder in different working conditions

The purpose of the study was to analyse and evaluate waste logistics in a large-scale agricultural enterprise in terms of a closedloop economy. A closed-loop economy was characterised and its significance for the enterprise was defined. The size and structure of the input production means, and their output were established. Based on yardsticks and indicators the degree of implementation of the closedloop economy into the enterprise was estimated and solutions improving the current situation were suggested. It was found out that in the analysed enterprise it is carried out at a high level which is proved by a high indicator of waste management in the closed loop at the level of 95%.

Climate change is causing problems for farmers almost throughout Europe, particularly in the area of soil drought. The current soil situation in Slovakia and Europe is not favourable. Declining cattle numbers are causing a shortage of organic fertiliser, soil degradation is occurring, as is soil compaction with high weight agricultural machinery causing changes in the bulk density of the soil and its penetrometric resistance. The aim of this paper is to point out the possibilities of prevention against soil degradation. In this paper we compare the effect of conventional technology and soil conservation technology in combination with soil biostimulation on the change of soil condition.

Post-harvest grain treatment is today one of the key processes taking place in agriculture-oriented farms. Only cereals deprived of unwanted impurities, dirts and excess water can be optimally stored and later monetized at the highest possible price. It is the reduction of the water content in the grains that is the key factor in their preservation, as the biochemical and bacterial processes will be interrupted, thanks to which the grains can be stored for a long time.
The paper deals with the technical characteristics of the grain dryer Chief CBS 14-6 in the process of drying corn grain in specific conditions in Slovakia, compares various energy sources such as natural gas and waste straw from agricultural production.

The contribution was to develop methods for irrigation management using knowledge in the field of precision agriculture. In the monitoring points were established basic hydrolimits: Field capacity (FC) and wilting point (WP). Irrigation rate ranged from 0 to 40 mm for a specific term assessment of soil moisture. Throughout the growing season used to be applied precisely five irrigation benefits. A high savings were observed between conventional and precise irrigation (water, energy and economic savings). The results show that it is a fully effective system of precision agriculture, although the procurement and introduction of new technology and the software requires first expending a considerable financial cost. Higher demands are placed on the skill and education services.

As crop and animal production are interconnected, they together form the basic branch of agriculture. A great sense in the process of replacing cultivated crops is the cultivation of sugar beet, which can act as a breaker in planting of narrow row crops, livestock feed or green manure. In addition to seed development, cultivation technology has also been improved, and by that the technique has been modified. During cultivation, it is difficult to prepare the soil before sowing together with a good settlement of seeds in the soil, which creates suitable conditions for germination and subsequent emergence of plants. In the submitted article, we have focused on the evaluation of chosen indicators of intermittent speeder’s work quality. The measurements have been performed in accordance with the ISO 7256/1 standard for the evaluation of sowing equipment with intermittent sowing. The vertical distribution of the seed in the soil for field emergence at the seed base of the seeder Kverneland Accord Monopill S, at different working speeds, has been observed. The experiment was performed on aluminous-sandy soil with a soil moisture of 18.2%. In measuring the sowing depth, there were used two measuring systems, the so-called contact (inductive) sensor and non-contact (ultrasonic) sensor in connection with A / D converter with storage in IM memory card. Based on the obtained results, we can state that by increasing the travel speed from 1.11 m.s-1 to 3.33 m.s-1, the depth of the sowing foot was reduced on average by 19.61 mm.

Sowing quality means required vertical (depth) and horizontal (spatial) spacing of seeds in the soil with minimal damage to the seeds. The spatial distribution of seeds (horizontal spacing) is given by distance between the rows and spacing of the seeds in a row. The objective of the study was the evaluation and comparison of the sowing quality of sowing machine jd maxemerge xp with mechanical filling of ladle holes with holding fingers within usage of seeds with different dimensional and shape attributes in agricultural conditions. Sowing machine jd maxemerge xp reached good results for the quality especially when using the angular seeds. It reached the sowing quality expressed by the standard deviation of 46.95 – 50.76 % when seeds pr 37 n01 and for seeds pr 37 n01 it is 47.43 – 48.73 %. Another evaluative criterion is dual sowing of seeds or plants (drr), it was reached the average value 3.65 – 2.45 % for angular seeds and the average of 1.54 – 3.71 % for approximately spherical seeds.