Security & Future
Vol. 4 (2020), Issue 1

Table of Contents

  • THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SECURITY

    • Airport vulnerability model in civil aviation

      pg(s) 3-5

      The work presents the author’s view on one of the most important problems of civil aviation in modern conditions – the problem of ensuring the aviation security of civil aviation facilities. Problems of security and problems of aviation security management are investigated and addressed in the assessment approach through the creation of integrated systems for aviation security and the concept of vulnerability. The concept of vulnerability is determined by the degree of protection of transport infrastructure objects from unauthorized interference in their activities. The work proposes the airport vulnerability model as an object of transport infrastructure. The proposed methodology includes a system of views of the authors on the problem of aviation security based on the concept of vulnerability.

    • Opportunities for determining factors affecting the development of intelligent security systems models

      pg(s) 6-9

      Contemporary security challenges require the creation of a continuous and manageable process that guarantees the survival and sustainability of the organization’s core activities before, during and after a devastating event. This means that it is necessary to manage the organization’s activities, resources, personnel, impact on its functioning and countless risks. Significant contribution in this direction provides intelligent security systems.
      Thanks to rapid technological progress it is possible to be developed sophisticated security systems able to integrate heterogeneous sources that can monitor, control and manage the security environment of the organization, which is potentially at risk. But the combination of different technologies is not sufficient to significantly increase the level of security and the approach to the integrity of system elements, and compatibility with other systems management organization are basic factors for success in this direction.

    • Analysis of motivation theories of locke, galbraith, bandura and lancaster and their applicability in the military

      pg(s) 10-13

      The article discusses some of the process motivational theories, examining their applicability in military organisation. The purpose of the report is to analyse the theories of Locke, Galbraith, Bandura and Lancaster rather than indicate the best approach for motivation. The results of the analysis will contribute to a clearer understanding of military motivation and provide guidance that commanders and chiefs could use to enhance their own motivational style.

  • NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

    • Stress symptoms under extreme circumstances in latvian national guard personnel with different personality supertraits

      pg(s) 14-16

      In European countries, existing security issues are highly connected to the current global situation. Along with the professional military personnel ensuring national security, in Latvia this task is also performed by the Latvian National Guard (LNG) personnel, a part of the National Armed Forces. A number of documents of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Latvia indicate that national security depends on the combat effectiveness of the armed forces directly related to the level of professional training of personnel, including LNG. Previous studies demonstrate that professional competence of military staff is associated, inter alia, to stress resilience shaped by a certain combinations of personality traits. Stress resilience makes it possible to successfully carry out combat missions with less damage to psychological and physical wellbeing of a member of armed forces. Current paper focuses on the empirical study investigating possible differences in stress symptoms in groups of LNG personnel with different personality supertraits under extreme circumstances involving military exercises. The obtained results revealed differences in stress symptoms, thus, allowing to identify predispositions to pathological stress reactions under extreme situations and to develop new psychological training methods.

    • Application of restraint devices as a method of protecting the personal safety of the police officers

      pg(s) 17-19

      The existence of special police authorizations justifies the legal goal of applying restraint devices. Considering its function, the application of restraint devices must be an exception, not a rule and that’s the reason why it should be applied only when there are no other methods of solving a conflict between the police and citizens. When applying restraint devices, special attention should be put on the safety of the police officers. Taking into consideration all potential and unseen threats that may arise, it is crucial to provide high quality preconditions for the legal proceedings. As a result of that, this paper analyses and elaborates in detail the tactical model during the direct application of the restraint devices – “handcuffs”. The application of this model includes performing several tactical and security activities that would minimize the security risks among the police but in the meantime will not put into danger the dignity of the person being handcuffed.

    • Options of Healthcare Facilities Protection Against Terrorist Attacks in the Czech Republic

      pg(s) 20-22

      Medical facilities are distinctive types of premises accessible by a wide range of visitors seven days a week. They are places characterized by a high concentration of civilians and low-level security against the occurrence of various types of emergencies. Undoubtedly, terrorism is one of them. From a security point of view, hospitals are soft terrorist targets. Given the topicality of terrorism, we must address the question whether sufficient security is ensured for medical facilities. The aim of this paper is to point out the key role of security management in the overall management of hospitals. It will also outline some shortcomings in technical and operational security applications for their premises. The paper further discusses the effectiveness of crisis plans and emergency management exercises, as those are the primary conditions of successful emergency management.

    • Nuclear Deterrence. Is It Back?

      pg(s) 23-26

      During the Cold War, the concept of deterrence was often used as a term for nuclear deterrence with the use of nuclear weapons, but the term fell into relative obscurity, in broad strokes, after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Thereafter, nuclear forces tended to play a marginal and diminishing role for many policymakers in the 1990s and 2000s. The topic of nuclear weapons has not been included in political debates of the countries for more than twenty years. Therefore, the threat of nuclear weapons appeared remote and debates often centred on a nuclear-free world’s possibility of proliferation and expectations. However,over the past few years though, this has changed significantly. The primary and regional powers are increasingly modernising their nuclear forces and are starting to give them a central role in their large strategic positions. Nuclear deterrence has come up again in such a setting

    • Models and approaches for motivation, recruitment and retention of military personnel in the british armed forces

      pg(s) 27-30

      The report examines different models and approaches for motivating and attracting personnel to the British Armed Forces. Positive and negative approaches for motivating service members are theoretically analysed and the most attractive among them are specified. The results obtained could be used in the development of an integrated strategy to motivate service members in the Bulgarian Armed Forces.

  • TECHNICAL FACILITIES FOR ENSURING SECURITY

    • Fire and explosve hazards for explosives and ammunition storage

      pg(s) 31-34

      This report presents the different types of explosives. It presents a classification of explosives according to their sensitivity to external influences, as well as a classification of the permissible quantities of explosives, ammunition and pyrotechnic articles that can be safely stored in one room. An analysis was performed and the possibility of safely combined storage of explosives and ammunition was considered. The need of applying specific requirements for the design and exploitation of sites for the production, storage and trade of explosives, ammunition and pyrotechnic articles is described.

    • Hong Kong’s innovative practices for better fire safety in tall buildings. Conclusions for Bulgaria

      pg(s) 35-38

      The information and ideas in this article are results of a six months PhD internship of the author Eng. Martin Ivanov in Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Hong Kong Fire Services Department in the field of fire safety in tall buildings in the second part of 2019. The main methods used in the paper are included observation and case studies. The reason for choosing this megalopolis for this internship was that in the world tall buildings database, developed by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, Hong Kong is the world leader with the biggest number of skyscrapers over 150 m with 355 buildings (runner up by New York City with 284). Also only in Hong Kong are half of the Top 100 tallest residential buildings in the world, some of them over 200 m.
      A short retrospection of the worst fires in tall buildings in the world history was made and therefore the importance of the problem was shown clearly.
      Two innovative practices from Hong Kong for better fire safety environment in tall buildings were shown – refuge floors and sky bridges. The first option provides a safety and fire proof place in different levels of the tall building. The second option represents bridges in different levels between two tall buildings which provide an opportunity for evacuation direction not only downstairs, like in “normal situation” in case of fire, but also upstairs, using the sky bridge and then going downstairs and evacuation from the next tall building. Conclusions for Bulgarian fire safety requirements in the field of tall buildings were made.

    • Potential of using holographic subsurface radars for mine detection

      pg(s) 43-46

      The use of holographic subsurface radars is a relatively new technology that enables the detection and recognition of non-metallic objects beneath the ground, including plastic explosives and mines with small or absent metal parts. The Moscow State Technical University (MGTU) “N.E. Bauman” has developed subsurface radars capable of registering such objects and determining their type using holographic methods for information processing. This article discusses the features and principles of operation of holographic subsurface radars. The capabilities of the radar holographic systems of the „Raskan“ family developed by the MGTU are presented with a view to their use in the research activities within a joint scientific project carried out by the MGTU and IMSETHAC “Acad. A. Balevski”- BAS. The main results achieved by MGTU in using Raskan for mine detection and recognition are summarized and analyzed