Industry 4.0
Vol. 4 (2019), Issue 5

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Cognitive styles affecting the performance of research and development (R&D) employees in the era of Industry 4.0

      pg(s) 203-205

      Cognitive style is how people think, based on certain attitudes, perceptions and personality orientations. Cognitive styles are considered as basic elements for successful performance. Cognitive style is thought to predict performance in two ways: by allowing employees to quickly learn job-related knowledge and by processing information resulting in better decision making. But cognitive styles have received much less attention than they deserve, given their importance to employee’s functioning. The relationship between cognitive style and performance is not completely understood in scientific research. In this context, the thinking styles and performances of people working in Research and Development (R & D) departments such as other work places are determined by these cognitive styles, and it is important to research this in the era of Industry 4.0.

    • Industry 4.0: Emerging challenges for dependability analysis

      pg(s) 206-209

      Industry 4.0 brings new challenges for the quantitative methods for the evaluation of system dependability properties such as reliability and safety. In this paper, we recall relevant Industry 4.0 and dependability concepts and provide an overview of available reliability and safety metrics and evaluation methods including event trees, fault trees, reliability block diagrams, and more sophisticated dynamic methods based on Markov chain models. The special focus is on the model-based application of these methods. The paper discusses several common MBSE paradigms, such as UML/SysML, AADL, and Simulink, that can be employed in the context of Industry 4.0 and allow automated generation of the dependability evaluation models. Finally, we discuss how the Industry 4.0 increases system complexity, justify what kind of dependability evaluation methods are required, and what limitations we still need to overcome.

    • Industry 4.0 laboratory

      pg(s) 210-211

      Technological developments are fast and at industry level we have fourth industrial revolution going on. More and more new
      technologies are being applied to production to make it more efficient and more competitive. In order for new technologies to be better implemented and for the end user to be able to apply them to their industry, it is necessary for educational institutions to accompany the rapid development of technology and apply these new technologies in curricula.

    • Reference framework and architecture for development of cyber-physical systems

      pg(s) 212-215

      The strategic initiative Industry 4.0 implies integration of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing, leading to what is called “smart factory”. The lack of theoretical foundation and methodologies creates barriers that may hamper the adoption, commercialization, and market success of the new CPS applications. The reference frameworks and architectures support the analysis and specification of domains, and facilitates the unification of methods used by various disciplines such as industrial engineering, control theory, communication and information technology, thus making possible their combined use. The paper presents an analysis of the benefits and use of reference frameworks and architectures in the development of CPS. Standardized meta-models of reference frameworks and architectures are presented. Particular attention is paid to the NIST reference framework and architecture of CPS, with a view to establishing a methodology for development of Cyber-Physical Production Systems.

    • Comparision of two sentiment analysis algorythms

      pg(s) 216-219

      This paper presents the comparison of the capabilities of two algorithms for Sentiment Analysis developed in Python. Both Python programs are used on the same Yelp dataset with customer reviews of the quality of the services in USA restaurants. The programs are based on open-source software frameworks and libraries as Python, NTLK, Scikit-Learn, Panda, etc. which are oriented to Machine and Learning and Natural Language Processing. The evaluation of the programs is based on precision of the predicted results and the compactness of the programming code. For model training and prediction, the Multinomial Naïve Bayes and Support Vectors Machines classifiers are applied in both algorithms.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • The approach to cut relevant airspace area for flights planning and automated routing

      pg(s) 220-222

      Airspace is now one of the most frequently mentioned environments when discussing technologies of autonomous or unmanned vehicles or machines. There is a number of technologies developed to support unmanned flying vehicles (UFV) and so called air drones. The actual influence of such kind of machines on transport industry is crucial. It is also obvious, that many modern military operations involve UFV with built-in AI or remote control. Nevertheless, one of important problems for any flying vehicle (aircraft or drone either) is to plan the most suitable route satisfying all necessary primary and collateral requirements: reach destination, consume minimum fuel or energy, follow the safest areas, avoid adverse circumstances etc. Among the tasks to build the effective route for the flight we find an important problem to cut a relevant area in airspace to perform route search. This research is dedicated to discuss and ground the basics of a reliable approach to solve this problem.

    • Use of drone based it system for road pothole detection and volume calculation

      pg(s) 223-227

      This paper will examine whether information technology solutions can contribute to the work of a road repairer. The aim of the research is to develop an algorithm for identification and volume calculation of the road pits.
      The paper presents an overview of three existing methods to identify holes as objects. Recent study uses an ultrasonic sensor to determine the size of a 3D hole; special attention is paid to its noise classification and possibilities for its reduction. The authors have found a way to organize road surface scanning, convert the resulting data into binary code and calculate the volume of the object. Calculations can be made on both a mobile microcontroller-controlled device and a computer after receiving data. A worker, a self-propelled robot or a drone can be used as a sensor carrier.
      Study results can be used for further development in the field of transport systems engineering, as well as for mechatronics specialists to develop algorithm realization equipment in a real environment.

    • Energy sector of the Baikal natural territory in terms of impact assessment on the ecosystem of lake Baikal

      pg(s) 228-231

      The study deal with the functioning of energy objects in the Baikal natural territory and they impact on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal. It is shown that pollutants have a major impact on the atmosphere from where can spread over long distances and leached from the air to the water and soil surfaces. The role of energy sector of the Baikal natural territory in the impact on the lake ecosystem has been determined.

    • Review of unconventional barrel designs of plasticizing systems used in single-screw extruders

      pg(s) 232-236

      Extrusion is one of the most important processes in polymer processing technology, just next to injection molding. The first extruder was invented and patented in 1879 by Matthew Gray, which used Archimedes screw in its design [1]. Since that time, constantly work on improving the work of extruders was carried out, which are implemented in two different ways, technological or constructional [2, 3, 4]. The constructional method involves both the modification of the screw design and the entire barrels of the plasticizing system. Evidence of the relevance of this issue may be the number of patents describing the classic and unconventional constructions of extruders [4]. The aim of the following work is to conduct a review of the contemporary construction solutions of the plasticizing systems barrels, whose applications were intended to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the extrusion process. One of the most interesting solutions is the kinematic activation of the barrel wall in the metering zone by introducing a rotary sleeve in a plasticizing system whose rotational speed and direction can be freely modified.

    • New concepts for the active grooved-feed section extruder

      pg(s) 237-240

      The article discusses the current state of knowledge about the active grooved feed section of an extruder and presents its new constructional solutions. The grooved feed has been known for thirty-five years; there are not so many constructional solutions, and most of them come from the United States and Poland. Unlike the passive grooved feed section, the active grooved feed section has not, as yet, been used in industrial processing machines.

    • Experimental study on energy consumption in the plasticizing unit of the injection molding machine

      pg(s) 241-243

      Injection moulding is a widespread method of polymer processing. The annual, global energy consumption for injection moulding is comparable to the annual energy production of different European countries. The most energy-consuming stage of the injection moulding is the plasticization process, which needs the energy mainly for the rotational and reciprocating screw motion as well as the heating of the barrel. Both issues were examined by changing various parameters of the injection moulding process, measuring the process characteristics and calculating the corresponding values of SEC (specific energy consumption). Various thermoplastic polymers were examined. It was found that the optimal conditions from the energy consumption point of view is low value of rotational velocity of the screw. Changes of back pressure do not affect the energy consumption of the plasticizing system of the injection moulding machine. Furthermore, an increase of the SEC value with increasing barrel temperature was shown. It was ca. 15% for the average barrel temperature rise of 20°C.

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Opportunities and obstacles for Hungarian economic players along the roads being paved by 4th Industrial Revolution

      pg(s) 246-249

      Megyeri E.The objective of the study is firstly to show the start of the spreading of the new technologies and solutions related to the 4th industrial revolution in Hungary. Although Hungary was considered among the more traditionally driven economies (Dujin et al, 2014), there are positive signs in the adapting knowledge-intensive technologies, advanced manufacturing and production solutions, improvements in the interconnectedness of the activities and in the other fields of digitalization, and finally the developed upgrading potential of local actors within a Global Value Chain. The study also introduces recent economic policy developments, policies and plans which were/are targeted to have a multi-level impact on Hungarian industrial/economic performance and of course should comply with present EU-level strategic thinking considering industry. These positive achievements in connection with latest technological revolution can be observed in each segment from primary to tertiary sectors, at companies from all size categories (start-ups, SMEs, large enterprises) and from both local and foreign ownership types. Despite the several positive signs on micro level, we still cannot project the whole economy with all its players in Hungary to dynamically move and develop along the IR 4.0 path in an integrated manner. There is about an average 20 years fallback in the level of technology and human capital readiness. Furthermore, we cannot project the observed success stories or the positive macro level short term impacts to be sustainable in stabilized way. However, the cohesion process of Hungary is undoubtedly on its track, appropriate policy-level answers still will be required.

    • The impact of Industry 4.0 on the competitiveness of SMEs

      pg(s) 250-255

      The small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are the foundation of the growth of most European economies. Although increasing of their competitiveness is high on the agendas of the policy makers, the business support organisations, and the entrepreneurs and managers themselves, there is still lack of relevant discussion regarding the SMEs’ development through implementation of Industry 4.0 principles. The conducted analysis has also noted a difference in the relevant literature for the definition of the I4.0 and its scope. Based on this we find it necessary to propose definition which clearly explains the objectives of I4.0 and defines its scope. Furthermore, this paper presents potential opportunities for and implemented impact of I4.0 on SMEs with insight in the developments in Bulgaria. The analysis presents the benefits from and the obstacles for implementation of Industry 4.0. Such transformation raises critical discussion for the influence over the workers’ education and skills, and the product lifecycles. This paper also examines the role of the governments as enabler of SMEs in the implementation process.

    • Innovative approaches to determination of economic digitization in the modern stage of enterprise development

      pg(s) 256-257

      The article deals with the concept of digitization of the economy. There is the comparative interpretation of it in different sources by different authors. The author’s approach to the content of the definition of the digitization of the economy is given. The innovative approaches to the definition of the digitization of the economy at the present stage of enterprise development are presented. The conclusion is made on the importance of developing digital technologies on the basis of innovative development.

    • Measuring the level of digital maturity of Bulgarian industrial enterprises

      pg(s) 258-264

      Bulgaria is considerably lagging behind the general trends in the EU for the introduction of a digital society and it is therefore necessary to adopt specific measures and to focus efforts on overcoming the lagging behind. Creating the right conditions for the introduction of Industry 4.0 will support, on the one hand, the competitiveness of production and attracting investment in the economy and, on the other, will help to increase efficiency in optimal resource use. The aim of the study is to reveal the possibilities for digital transformation of the Bulgarian business and to give recommendations for process transformation, using adequate strategic tools. The results of the study show that investment and innovation in IT are a key factor in boosting productivity in the EU and it is expected that three quarters of the value of the digital economy will come from traditional sectors (industry), so it is crucial to support its digital transformation.

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Estimation of the investment capacity of Ukrainians for studying in Europe

      pg(s) 268-272

      The article is devoted to the study of the investment capacity of Ukrainian families – potential investors – to pay for educational and related (related to living abroad) services for children who seek to study at foreign universities. An indicator of investment educational ability is offered, which allows comparing the opportunities of Ukrainian individuals to cover foreign student expenses at the expense of wages. The calculations of the proposed indicator for the leading universities of Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Germany, Poland, Romania, the Czech Republic and Ukraine are carried out. The research is carried out according to the proposed by the authors indicator of the comparison of annual expenses of students during the bachelor’s studies in a foreign university with the average annual salary of Ukrainian individuals. For entrants, first of all Ukrainian, this indicator will allow to orientate in the ratio of annual expenses and annual income.. For university leaders the proposed indicator can allow comparisons of the competitiveness of their higher education institutions, taking into account the solvency of Ukrainian consumers of educational services. For business and local governments in Central and Eastern Europe, this indicator can be useful in assessing the competitiveness of their territories in terms of attracting student youth. Student youth as well as local residents act as consumers of goods and services promote the development of local business and thus can be a source of filling local budgets. The article is a continuation of the publication of comparative studies on this topic.