Industry 4.0
Vol. 8 (2023), Issue 4

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Highway monitoring using an unmanned aerial vehicle with machine vision.

      pg(s) 108-112

      An increasing number of drones with a specific purpose are being developed globally. They are used in agriculture for crop monitoring and spraying, as well as in national defence, border control, etc. Time-consuming and expensive monitoring and tracking activities can be performed more efficiently in terms of time, cost and safety. The aim of this research is to develop an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform equipped with onboard artificial intelligence capability for automated monitoring of roads and roadsides. Roadside monitoring is intended for road sections where the presence of a human supervisor is unreasonable or limited by safety standards. The UAV will be set to fly along a predetermined route without pilot intervention. By using machine vision, road sections where defects have appeared are identified and recorded for later human inspection. The solution developed as a result of this study can be adapted for industrial use, for example, maintenance monitoring of conveyors or large storage areas on the premises of factories.

    • Industry 4.0 assembly line using mixed reality and data lake systems.

      pg(s) 113-115

      This article presents an Industry 4.0 assembly line that employs mixed reality (MR) and data lake systems to optimize the assembly process. MR devices such as HoloLens are used to provide operators with real-time assistance. The data generated by the MR devices is stored in a data lake system, which allows for real-time monitoring of the assembly process. This case study demonstrates the potential for MR and data lake systems to revolutionize traditional manufacturing processes and improve productivity and quality in Industry 4.0.

    • Simulation Modeling for Mass Customization Furniture Production: Investigating Production Volume and Machine Load in scope of Industry 4.0 standard

      pg(s) 116-122

      The subject of the conducted research and development project was the simulation modeling of solutions for a mass production system of customized furniture. Within the project, a digital twin of the custom furniture production and flexible manufacturing in the FlexSim 3D Simulation Software environment were utilized. The research and development work aimed to investigate the impact of production volume on machine load and the overall system efficiency. The scientific paper presents the methodology of project implementation, as well as the characteristics of input data and the process of producing customized furniture. The functioning logic of the simulation model is also described, along with the outcomes of the solutions for various scenarios. The paper includes the results of computer simulations for individual variants and provides potential recommendations. The project was carried out at Handcraft Sp. z o.o. company.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Preliminary use of hydrogen for ozone concentration control

      pg(s) 123-125

      We achieved a CT(ozone concentration(ppm) X exposure time(min) )value of 60, which can inactivate coronavirus from 1/10 to 1/100 by operating for 24 h at an appropriate ozone concentration (less than 0.1 ppm) using feedback control in the previous report. In this system, the only way to reduce the ozone concentration is the decomposition reaction of ozone in the natural world, and it was not possible to cope with the rapid increase in ozone. In this study, we investigated the reduction of ozone concentration using hydrogen. As a result, it was clarified that the concentration of ozone rapidly decreased even with about 1/100 of hydrogen’s explosion limit (about 4%).

    • Analysis of interference fit joints formed by thermal drilling technology with CNC process control

      pg(s) 126-129

      The paper focuses on the evaluation of the quality of joints of thin-walled dissimilar overlapped materials, formed by thermal drilling without a screw. The shaped interference fit joint is formed by simultaneously forming both overlapped materials, preheated by the friction of a flowdrill tool, and forming a pair of embedded concentric bushings. The joints were made on a CNC milling centre, at constant speed, with tool feed being the only variable. Three tool movement strategies – three movement schemes – were tested. By evaluating the quality of the joints using metallographic sections, the optimum tool movement strategy was selected.

    • Application of innovative procedures for modification of surface topography

      pg(s) 130-134

      The paper presents the results of research focused on the application of innovative procedures for surface topography modification. The experimental work was aimed at adjusting the microgeometry and surface topography of new and renovated shaped parts of molds for casting aluminium alloys under high pressure. In the phase of experimental verification of suitable surface topography, a group of samples from Dievar material was prepared. A multilayer nanostructured PVD coating of the 4th generation duplex nACRo4 was deposited on part of the experimental samples. The surface of the samples was ground and polished. The microgeometry of the surface of the samples was modified by low-energy laser radiation – microtexturing. The maximum interval was chosen to create a stochastic texture, also called a random texture crater distance up to 200 μm. The aim of this surface treatment was to analyze the adhesion effect of commercially used ones of lubricants in the technology of treatment of shaped parts of molds when casting aluminium alloys under high pressure on machines with a cold filling chamber. In the run-in of the mold, after the first cycles of spraying with a separating agent, a compact layer was created to increase the technological life of the shaped parts of the molds.

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • The impact of the crisis as an accelerator of changes in managerial decision-making on corporate culture in the era of Industry 4.0

      pg(s) 135-139

      Decision making is a key characteristic of a successful organisation and one of the most important roles of a manager. Decisionmaking plays an important role during times of crisis. Any condition, even a crisis, can be handled by a manager equipped with the appropriate crisis competencies. In the theory of managerial decision-making, the various procedures and tools are explained through normative and descriptive theories, which should form the basis of decision-making even in times of crisis. Uncertainty and complexity are significant predictors of decision-making practices in such conditions. From a normative perspective, the characteristics of decision-making in times of crisis include complexity, political aspect and formalisation. From the perspective of descriptive theories, attention is paid to the psychological aspects of decision making and the influence of behavioural economics on managers’ decision making. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, with its tools, supports decision-making. The creators of this support should try to reinforce the intended rationality of the target user and at the same time avoid introducing “irrationality” into the processes of analysis and decision making. Effective technologies must take into account the complex social and economic nature of decision-making. Related to this is a properly aligned corporate culture as a tool for implementing the changes and innovations needed to cope with the crisis. Changing corporate culture as a quick response to a crisis is, according to many authors, impossible. That is why there is talk of preparedness in the form of gradual introduction of Industry 4.0 tools in order to build a digital corporate culture that can support the introduction of necessary changes in enterprises in times of crisis. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of the crisis on changes in managerial decision-making in the era of the fourth industrial revolution and to discuss what role corporate culture can play in crisis-induced changes.

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Identification of possible cheating on computer-based exams.

      pg(s) 140-143

      In this paper we will explain a solution to identify the users which poetically are trying to cheat the computer-based exam. Nowadays, the online exams are very useful to identify the people with right knowledge to do a job or to certificate them based on their knowledge. One of the major concerns for the organization of computer-based exams is the potential for cheating in collaboration with employee responsible of monitoring or due to the lack of human invigilation. The proposed solution will analyze in real-time the behavior of student and will alert the monitoring employee for suspicious activity of any exam.

    • The impact of interactive software on teaching

      pg(s) 144-145

      In this scientific paper, we investigate the impact of interactive software on teaching a specialized subject at a vocational school based on research conducted. Interactivity is now one of the fundamental components of ICT and digital education. Interactive software can be useful for teaching specialized subjects because it allows students to interact with the material and gain practical experience, which can enhance their learning. In the 21st century, students are increasingly identifying with the use of ICT in education, and it is necessary for teachers to continually educate themselves in their use and incorporate them into their lessons.

    • The education system in Romania and France. Comparative analysis

      pg(s) 146-148

      Following some theoretical investigations, through the analysis of educational policy documents, we will compare the education system in Romania and France. The motivation for choosing this theme for analysis was represented by the numerous similarities between the two education systems. The analysis criteria of the present study considered the following criteria: the structure of the education system, educational policy principles, purposes, costs.