Innovations
Vol. 12 (2024), Issue 2

Table of Contents

  • INNOVATION POLICY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT

    • European development trends in innovative advanced materials area

      pg(s) 36-39

      Current materials science and materials engineering focus on the development of innovative advanced materials. According to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) advanced materials are intentionally designed and engineered materials to have new or enhanced properties, and/or targeted or enhanced structural features to achieve specific or improved functional performance. Advanced materials include both high and low tech materials. Innovative materials are previously known classic materials used in new applications that have commercial potential. Published in February 2022, the Materials 2030 Manifesto calls for the creation of “a strong European Materials ecosystem to drive the green and digital transitions alongside a sustainable inclusive European society through systemic collaboration between upstream developers, downstream users, and citizens and all stakeholders in between.” The problem of lack of access to new (functional, circular) advanced materials urgently needs to be solved due to the following risks of not delivering on Green Deal and Digital Agenda, loss innovation markets, loss of jobs, relying on polluting and hazardous materials, as well as future geopolitical dependency. The activities undertaken by the Advance Materials Initiative (AMI2030), established in June 2022, led to the development of the Materials 2030 Roadmap and the Strategic Materials Agenda. These documents set European development trends in innovative advanced materials area.

    • Ways to stimulate the development of sustainable entrepreneurship

      pg(s) 40-41

      Sustainable entrepreneurship development meaning is a big challenge for scientific society and demands cooperation strengthening with entrepreneurs , princely states with structures and with youth who influence they make sustainable development in a new way on understanding and they need innovative approaches .
      In this paper we have reviewed and investigated sustainable entrepreneurship development stimulates economic , social and environment dimensions which they form various prerequisites and certain circumstances are filled each other and hand promote in country sustainable entrepreneurial activity high level . It is important that countries they took obligation priority to be granted to advance , for which creativity, knowledge, technology and financial resources of society by addressed will be Sustainable Development Goals – SDGs to achieve all in context . This goals taking into account , by 2030 possible should to become all of a woman and of men complete and productive employment and decent of work achievement.
      It is emphasized that countries should support the development of higher education, especially to increase the staff of higher professional education by expanding the educational balance, by increasing the financing of education for sustainable development, for the existence of more knowledgeable and qualified personnel.

    • Managing Digital Transformation

      pg(s) 42-46

      Recent studies indicate that over 80% of organizations have initiated their digital transformation journey, yet only approximately 25% perceive tangible benefits from these endeavors. Delving into the reasons behind these perceptions, it becomes evident that digital transformation lacks practical implementation. This research treats digital transformation as a project, adhering to project management principles. It delineates a pragmatic approach to digital transformation project management, highlighting key considerations at each stage. Furthermore, insights from an interview with Huawei Türkiye’s R&D director, HR business partner leader, and payroll and personal affairs manager shed light on Software as a Service (SaaS) as a pivotal component of contemporary digitalization. SaaS is believed to expedite successful integration, positioning companies favorably against competitors in remarkably short durations.

  • INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS

    • Possibilities of joining metals and CFRP/GFRP composites

      pg(s) 47-50

      The paper discusses the possibilities of joining thin-walled metals and composites reinforced with bidirectional carbon/glass fibres. The experimental part of the paper contains metallographic sections and results of load-bearing capacity testing of pilot metalcomposite joints with thermoplastic matrix and glass and carbon fiber reinforcement, formed by thermal drilling technology. As a result, a sequential joining method is proposed which can achieve the optimum joint geometry with a hem to keep the joint from opening under tensile stress.

    • Method for Estimating a Residual Service Life of Fibre-reinforced Industrial Concrete Floorings and Pavements

      pg(s) 51-56

      Current construction practice often implies the need to carry out specific actions related to the specification of current operating characteristics of existing and operated in different periods in different ways fibre-reinforced industrial concrete internal floorings and external pavements. Such problems are most often related to a planned change in the operating load, or to estimate their service life in the future. In this regard, specific parameters of a system approach proposed by the author are specified below, including the necessary preliminary field, laboratory and analytical activities related to establishing the current strength-deformation and other essential characteristics of existing industrial concrete floorings and pavements, as follows: concrete cross-section thickness, concrete strengthdeformation characteristics, type and amount of reinforcement used (including fibres), deformation characteristics of the crushed-stone base – according to the dynamic penetration in number of test points, static calculations for the new load conditions, restoring their integrity after sampling, etc. Given the lack of any normative documents on the subject, the proposed systematic approach to the assessment of the residual operational resource of existing fibre-reinforced industrial concrete floorings/pavements is of important methodological importance and fully corresponds to the needs of real construction practice. Its practical use has been approved by the author through a number of successfully conducted systematic expert procedures at a number of sites in the country and abroad.

    • Modeling of steady-state nonlinear transfer processes in enclosing structures taking into account convective flows, sources or sinks of heat

      pg(s) 57-61

      For various canonical forms (plane, cylinder, ball, etc.), a generalized mathematical model (MM) of a nonlinear steady-state process of molecular heat transfer (or moisture diffusion) through enclosing structures (ES) is proposed, taking into account infiltration or exfiltration of a vapor-air (gas) mixture and the presence of various internal or surface positive (moisture condensation) or negative (evaporation of moisture) of heat sources (HS). The mathematical formalization of the posed boundary value problem (BVP) of transfer and its general solution are given, on the basis of which, under various specified conditions of unambiguity, solutions of specific physical processes with constant or variable thermophysical characteristics and HS are constructed and analyzed. For large-scale transitions, the short-circuit problem is posed and solved under various boundary conditions (BVC), written in a criterion form as dependences of the dimensionless temperature T(R-, Pe, Po) on the dimensionless thermal resistance (R-) of the heat exchange criteria for the similarity of Pecle (Pe) and Pomerantsev (Po).

    • Numerical modeling and determination of tensile properties of 3D printed composite specimens

      pg(s) 62-65

      In this paper, the tensile strength of the composite material made of onyx and carbon fibers was investigated. Onyx is a material manufactured by the company Mark Forged, which is used for 3D printing of composite materials. It is a thermoplastic filled with carbon fibers used for printing solid and rigid parts. The tensile test according to the standard ISO 527 was carried out experimentally and the numerical results were obtained by numerically modelling the test specimen and simulating the test in Ansys, after which the results obtained experimentally and numerically were compared.

    • Using artificial neural networks to model climate data to adapt transport infrastructure to climate change

      pg(s) 66-70

      This paper examines an innovative approach for modeling the influence of climate parameters on transport infrastructure using artificial neural networks. Through them, detailed climatic data are generated by geographical positions and monthly and annual maps are created for Bulgaria’s territory using the following parameters: surface temperature, diffuse fraction, horizontal solar irradiation, and average albedo of the terrain. Average ground temperature and monthly solar irradiation are essential for maintenance planning and developing strategies to adapt to extreme weather conditions, such as heat waves or frost, which can affect the condition and performance of the road surface. Average monthly temperatures can be used to design effective systems to prevent icing of road surfaces and improve drainage systems. By demonstrating the capabilities of accurate modeling and analysis, this paper highlights the importance of applying artificial neural networks in planning and improving the resilience of transport infrastructure against climate change.

    • Prototype and characteristic measurement of led-lit pet bottle handmade lantern with baby milk dropped into water

      pg(s) 71-74

      In recent years, natural disasters have frequently occurred in Japan, almost yearly, causing enormous damage. In Hiroshima Prefecture, heavy rains in August 2014 and July 2018 caused large-scale landslides. Power outages continued in the affected areas, and some survivors had been lighting campfires outdoors and using candles indoors. In times of disaster in which bad weather persists, it is difficult to safely secure lighting, which can adversely affect health. Lanterns can be created by putting a few drops of milk into a PET bottle filled with water and shining light from the bottle’s bottom. In this study, we used a light emitting diode (LED) as a light source to evaluate the luminance of handmade lanterns. Results suggested that when using tap water with one LED lamp and a 500 ml PET bottle, 1–2 drops of milk are suitable to achieve the optimal light scattering effect.

    • Photoluminescence properties of self-cleaning coatings on glasses containing Eu2O3

      pg(s) 75-77

      Obtained experimental self-cleaning coatings (based on compositions with the participation of Eu2O3), applied by the sol-gel method on glass slides. The luminescence of the obtained thin layers of different ratios of the compositions were investigated. A strong emission from the 5D0 level of Eu3+ ions was registered under near UV (392 nm) excitation using the 7F0 → 5L6 transition. The values of the integrated fluorescence intensity ratio R (5D0→7F2)/(5D0→7F1) was calculated to give information about the degree of asymmetry in the vicinity around the active ions, suggesting a location of Eu3+ in non-centrosymmetric sites. The highest Eu3+ luminescence is observed in sample with 3 layers coating. The experimental results represent a prerequisite for the development of a series of additional compositions and a detailed technological regime for obtaining various modifications of resistant, long-lasting self-cleaning coatings, potentially applicable to photovoltaic panels.

    • Analysis of the Utilization of Various Energy Sources in Georgia

      pg(s) 78-82

      The main sources of green energy (GE), considered as the cleanest forms of energy or types of renewable energy sources (RES), are wind, water, sun, and earth. While the world, particularly in the most developed countries, has made significant progress in adopting and applying the various forms of green energy (GE), in Georgia this field is in its initial stage and it is not possible to predict when the first major positive developments will be made. This paper presents an analysis of total energy supply (TES) in Georgia for the period 2000-2021. The value of the continuous annual growth rate (CAGR) for TES in Georgia for this period is 7.23.

    • Evaluating the Compressor performance using two dimensional Lagrange polynomial interpolation and Cubic approximation

      pg(s) 83-85

      This paper talks about how we can use math to create better models based on actual compressor experiments. The goal? To bridge the gap between what we see happening in real life and what we can predict, ultimately helping us optimize HVAC systems for better performance.
      Within these systems, parts like compressors, fans, and electrical components play crucial roles. Compressors, especially, are quite dynamic, especially in heat pump setups.
      However, the problem is that manufacturers usually only give real-world data on how compressors perform, without detailed models for understanding how they work in different situations. Hopefully in this paper we will try to construct a detailed model in order to be able to evaluate a HVAC system without the necessity of real-world data. Also, we will evaluate two different mathematical models, two dimensional interpolation and approximation in order to see who perform better.