International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Acoustic cavitation technologies are a highly effective means of processing liquid media, as well as various materials in liquid media. They significantly accelerate known processes in liquids and, in addition, make possible the implementation of previously impossible processes. The phenomenon of cavitation has and another quality – the creation around itself of physical fields (including magnetic fields) with high stresses. This circumstance makes it possible to produce some types of work on “dry” technology, for example, to awaken and process seeds before planting. Placing the seeds from the outside of the vortex cavitator causes the magnetic field to be sparing effect on them. Seat placement inside the workspace predetermines a hard impact, so therefore in a real device through the centers of cavitation they move through the tube-seminal duct. The thickness of the walls determines the degree of influence of the physical fields on them.

Acoustic cavitation in water causes water’s break in vacuum phase of passing of sound wave and then collapse of this break in manometric phase. These processes are taking place 3000 times a second all over the functional volume of cavitator. This leads to seeds’ awakening and massaging, improves metabolism and stimulates their development and functioning. There are four technology areas in cavitator: 1) internal functional space, 2) central part of space, 3) passive space from the outside of resonator (housing), 4) external heat space around cavitator.

The Academy conducted study on seed treatment in each of these areas. Moreover, in passive area and in external space experiments were performed both in wet and dry options. Analysis of experimental results showed: first, all kinds of treatment in all zones of cavitator have advantages over conventional soaking seeds; secondly, each of the processing forms has its own advantages: 1) dry processing is characterized by thermal and vibrational effects on seeds, it requires their direct contact with the resonator, 2) wet processing in passive zone is characterized by additional water exposure and transmission of vibration effects from resonator over long distances, that enables to increase size of functional area and pre-processing performance, 3) processing in central part of the active zone provides essential decrease of exposure time from tens of minutes to 3-5, that allows using this method in industrial agriculture, 4)processing in turbulent flow of active zone damages seeds and is suitable only for solid seeds and seeds difficult to germinate. Using cavitator improves seed germination by tens of percent when shortened processing time. This reduces the labor intensity, improves pre-processing performance and leads to higher yields.