International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The usage of alternative fuels that reduce the emission of harmful components, but do not eliminate their presence (especially nitrogen oxides) will be analyzed in the article. researchers prove that operation process of diesel on standard fuel is characterized by the formation of nitrogen oxides during the combustion of a heterogeneous mixture of diesel fuel and air in those local zones, in which the composition of the mixture is close to the stoichiometric mixture. According to this, an actual problem today is to develop the method of perfect combustion process for diesels, when during the diesel operation the local values of air excess coefficient αi and temperature Ti will not be in the range in which nitrogen oxides and soot are formed. So, converting a diesel engine into gaseous fuel ensures a reduction of toxicity and smokiness in exhaust gases and from this point of view, the values of the air excess coefficient will be considered in accordance with the mode of diesel operation and possibility of using various types of impurities to improve fuel properties and, as a result of their consumption, to improve both, ecological and efficient indicators.

Strategies for sustainable transport, and consequently sustainable mobility, require the use of cleaner vehicles without harmful emissions. The use of alternative fuels contributes to realization of set strategies and different types of alternative fuels are increasingly present in the transport sector. There is great potential in the use of alternative fuels in public transport systems, since this mode of transport plays a very important role in sustainable mobility. The aim is to replace the conventional bus fleets with vehicles with newer and cleaner technologies. Within this paper, alternative types of fuels used in public bus transport will be presented, as well as practical examples of the application of these modes of transport.

The article is devoted to the problem of comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency of the use of various alternative fuels obtained from natural gas (NG) in a total life cycle (TLC). Despite the fact that all types of motor fuel under consideration are produced from NG, the energy and environmental consequences of their use may vary significantly. Goals of this research are: developing TLC mathematical models of a power unit operating on motor fuels obtained from NG (compressed NG, liquefied NG, methanol, dimethyl ether, synthetic diesel fuel and hydrogen) and conducting a simulation in order to determine energy and environmental indicators for the use of the considered fuel types. The results of simulation allow to choose the most promising types of alternative fuels according to the criteria of energy efficiency and a level of environmental pollution by harmful substances and greenhouse gases.