International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Business models (BMs) are business plans used by an organization to create, deliver, and acquire value. There is a strong need in different areas of business to develop a better understanding of BM’s risks. The appropriate risk framework would support the full range of risk management capabilities, namely identifying key risks, quantifying and, finally, managing those risks.
Therefore, in developing the organization’s BM, it is necessary to create a better understanding of the risks associated with the development of security systems. The proposal for a variant of the BM risk profile framework for the establishment of security systems is the content of this publication.

Big Data is becoming one of the most important technology trends. It presents a potential that is radically changing the way organizations use their information to be closer to customers by organizing in a way that benefits from the customer experience and transforms their business models.
Although Big Data is an ever-climbing trend in terms of industry, its meaning is still hidden by many conceptual ambiguities. The term is used to describe a wide range of concepts: from technological ability to storage, aggregation, data processing and finally their generation. In this paper the focus is at Big Data, because they are the technology of the future and in one way or another, they are affecting every field of industry. Furthermore, companies are increasingly trusting the possibility of using data as a valuable business asset to benefit and bring a competitive advantage compared to other companies. In the paper is presented also a SWOT Analysis that is conducted about Big Data information showing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks that they carry. Also are presented the challenges of Big Data Technologies for the future. At the end of the paper, there are conclusions and recommendations about the topic.

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the recycling of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) [1, 2]. However, there are only few economic assessments on the recycling of LIBs even if, by 2030, it is possible to reach 2 million tons of spent LIBs/year worldwide [3, 4]. In this context, the present work aims to present a viable business model that is feasible and economically efficient and can be framed in a circular economic recycling technology of spent LIBs. The proposed business model uses literature data on the hydrometallurgical processing (HP) of spent LIBs. The business plan contains estimates of costs and revenues, and, also, estimates or projections concerning the state of the relevant markets and industries for the products resulting from spent LIBs.
Our work proposes a feasible and sustainable circular economy solution able to deliver critical materials such as cobalt, lithium, nickel, and copper for the supply chain of the LIBs manufacturing. From our estimate, valorising all recovered materials, the annual profit can reach around 600,000 $ for a commercial recycling plant that processes 125 tons/year of spent LIBs.

With transition to the 21st century, there are radical changes that influence on every aspect of the business, including how goods and services are produced. With the launch of Internet and high-speed communication, the market has indeed become global and fragmented. Customers require smaller quantities and more personalized products. Traditional production, with its broad approach and static organizational style, can no longer compete in global markets. Customers are now looking for more flexibility, shorter delivery times and more diverse products and services. The flexibility of an enterprise makes it possible not only to adapt to the rapidly changing environment but also to the opportunities it provides. The flexible enterprise is able quickly to reorganize its people, management, technology, equipment and operational philosophy to produce products and services tailored to customer needs or new markets. Flexibility is a strategic solution for survival in today’s market conditions. Small and medium-sized enterprises are doomed to operate flexibly.

It is determined that civil aviation in Ukraine has a number of problems that are the result of a chronic crisis in the deep fields of the industry. It is revealed that the “open sky” policy acts as an incentive to increase competition. The analysis of dynamics of the air transportation market of Ukraine is carried out. The decline in demand for air transportation in Ukraine is considered as a continuation of the negative trends in the national economy. The analysis of the Ukrainian airlines market has showed that the share of 4 leading airlines in the total volume of passenger traffic was almost 93 %. Regular flights between Ukraine and rest of the world were carried out by 9 domestic airlines (to 39 countries of the world) and 35 foreign airlines from 29 countries of the world. The ratio between international and domestic transportations of Ukrainian carriers during the year amounted to 85 % and 15 % in favor of international ones. It was found out that leading aviation carriers do not meet the modern requirements of the world aviation community. The study of the air transportation market in relation to specialization by types of business has revealed that nine major types of air carriers were formed. Functioning of Low Cost business model on the market provides a significant change in the structure of aviation. The main specific features of the stages of development of Low Cost business-model airlines are determined. The analysis of the situation on the air transport market was conducted on the basis of PEST-analysis. Measures that make it possible to intensify the process of development of the market of aviation transportations are listed: renewal of the airport infrastructure; establishment of high technical standards for airplanes and air services; security enhancement; modernization of air traffic control procedures; updating sectoral legislation. The prospects for the development of the air transport market of Ukraine are the creation of new organizational forms that fully meet the requirements of the market. Consolidation can occur in several areas: the formation of a national carrier-flagship, merger with foreign companies or consolidation with domestic players in the market.