International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

There are growing appeals for the tilting chamber (TC) technology equipped with the “PTC-S” device, which is a profound improvement of the technology of mechanized harvesting of cereals, fodder and oilseeds; and other existing technologies in the field of transportation of beveled crop into the threshing and shredding chamber, etc. That is why TC equipped with “PTC-S” refers to the new generation of working tools for transporting the crop from the harvester or pick-up to the threshing and separating device of the harvesting machine. The development has significant advantages, among which the main ones are: a significant increase in energy efficiency, reduction of quantitative and qualitative grain losses during harvesting, etc.

Rice harvesting became recently a problem due to shortage of labor and, consequently, the increase of wages in Turkey. The aim of the study was the determination of relationship of combine harvester age and the grain losses during on paddy harvest. This study was conducted at the paddy production field planted with Karacadağ variety in Çınar District of Diyarbakır Province in 2013. The New Holland Combines which has same brand but different ages in series of 2002 model TC 56, 2006 model TC 56, 2007 model TC 56 and 2013 model TC 5070 were used in the field experiments. The header losses, which include shatter losses and cutter bar losses, threshing and separation losses, and cleaning losses were measured in the study. The total of these losses was evaluated as combine loss. According to the results, the harvest loss due to combine changed between 6.67% to 9.23%. The lowest harvesting loss was obtained in 2013 model TC 5070 combine series. This was followed by 2002 model TC 56 with 7.32% loss. This results show that the harvesting loss was not directly depended on combine age, it was affected by the factors such as combine adjustment and maintenance, operator skill, product yield, field conditions.

Sieves as mechanical separators are primarily means of separating the grain size mixtures which are subject to cleaning or sorting. Commonly used sieves with flat working surface and oscillated movement. Regardless of their design, however, the separation process has a probabilistic nature and on the length of the separating bodies are most accurately describes the exponential dependence.

Separation capability, respectively quality performance of the mechanical separators are characterized respectively by the coefficient of separation 𝜇𝜇 and completeness (effect) of splitting (𝜀). Each of these features may depend on many factors, but it was found that the most х strongly influenced by the length of the separator ‘s body. In its essence, the coefficient 𝜇𝜇 expresses the probability of screening a single х grain particle moves through in a length unit.

The change in the coefficient of separation with separators having equal work areas do not necessarily lead to a change in the quality of their work. This can be explained by the fact that, under equal operating conditions the change of the length does not change their surface area, and this means a constant specified load and accordingly the same effect on the separation. From this standpoint, the coefficient of separation and the effect of separation can be justified based on the design parameters of the separator, which determine the working area.

Harvesting of oil seed rape and avoiding of big grain losses require specific adjustments of the machine. The basic level of grain machine losses comes from the entrance device (header) added the losses from the following up devices in accordance of the applying technological scheme. The mean feature for each device is its exponential character, which means, that they are very sensitive to the parameter changes, from which they depends on. By suitable prescription of the technological adjustments and adequate selection of the machine type those losses can be reduced below the agritechnical requirements.

Harvesting of oil seed rape and avoiding of big grain losses require specific adjustments of the machine. The basic level of grain machine losses comes from the entrance device (header) added the losses from the following up devices in accordance of the applying technological scheme. To reduce the seed losses into the harvester it is recommended to operate with the header in accordance with the rotor or hybrid type thresher-separator device.