International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The paper presents a new construction of a root ball cleaner from impurities, consisting of five wave-shaped working spirals, which are given oscillatory movements with appropriate amplitudes and frequencies in the longitudinal-vertical plane. It allows to considerably expand a working zone of separation of the potato heap arriving on clearing, and it will promote its better dispersion on a working surface of the cleaner, more intensive destruction of ground clods, and consequently, improvement of sifting of ground and vegetative admixtures and decrease of blocking of working spirals. All this ultimately increases the productivity and quality of the new root crop cleaner from impurities. To carry out experimental studies of the new construction of the cleaner of potato roots from impurities, we have developed a laboratory setup, which allows you to test and justify the basic constructional and kinematic parameters of this cleaner. The process of cleaning of root crops from soil impurities and plant residues indicated cleaner is due to the movement of the heap coils cantilevered spiral springs, which rotate at a certain angular velocity, and the oscillatory motion of the springs themselves, arising from the deflection of their longitudinal axes. In this case, soil and plant impurities are sifted through the separating gaps and coils of spirals, and the bodies of potatoes are transported by coils of spirals in the direction of the unloading conveyor. Calculations of the required power for the drive of the laboratory unit showed that it does not exceed 1.3 kW.

Electron beam melting and refining (EBMR) is one of the modern and widely used technologies which is employed industrially for melting and metal purification. Experimental investigations, computational modeling and optimization approaches are indispensable tools in the study of this ecological technology, for the development and optimization of effective technological schemes and their application to different materials as well as for reducing the price of the pure metals produced. On the basis of experimental and theoretical studies performed, data and results of practical importance for various applications of EBMR are obtained and summarized (for Cu, Ta, Hf, Ti, Au, etc.). The obtained results allow us to formulate requirements on the process parameters and are important and useful in view of studying, controlling and optimizing the quality and purity of the new materials obtained by recycling of metal scrap by EBM.

The characteristic of the elements present in the primary aluminum at electrolytic method of production is given. Based on elemental analysis of aluminum on regulated and unregulated impurities, with accordance of their initial content and effect on operational characteristics of cast billets, in this paper we describe groups of useful elements, neutral and harmful impurities at production of materials for functional purposes (sacrificial, composite, electrotechnical, etc.).