International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Since 1960, an economic policy of specialization in machine-building production began in Bulgaria, thanks to which a number of new types of production were developed in our country, which subsequently acquired a key importance for the further development of the industry. As a result of the implementation of this policy for twenty years, qualitative changes have occurred in the Bulgarian economy: intensification of production, orientation towards productions providing higher added value, inclusion in the international division of labor, constant growth of social productivity, raising the general technological level of industry, multiple increase in the class of technical intelligence, etc. Thanks to the implemented policy of specialization in machine-building production, Bulgaria overcomes the general economic backwardness of other countries.

Еlectronics is the most progressive branch of mechanical engineering since the 1960s. Specific for the development of this industry in our country is that each technological development or the creation of material conditions for its implementation in the period from 1960 by the end of the socialist period, it had received support at the highest state level, in the form of continuous promotion, smooth financing, the provision of embargoed high-deficit technologies by special services and the wide opening of the economy to integration into production. Significant for the development of the industry in our country is the specialization in the production of electronic computers, which was won in a competitive competition between all member countries of the COMECON on the basis of previously achieved in Bulgaria high scientific results in the field.

The article focuses on the definition of industrial business risks that are associated with risk management. Following the description of the risks, the article then focuses on the elimination of the hazard or the reduction of each of the two criteria that determine the risk in question, such as the severity of the damage caused by the hazard and the likelihood that the damage will occur, separately or simultaneously, are two ways to achieve the purpose of risk reduction. The article is highly relevant to the implementation and development of technical systems and equipment.

In the mid-1960s, the construction of production facilities for automobile manufacturing began in our country. After multi-million capital investments, a modern base for the production of cars and trucks, and buses, as well as assemblies and aggregates for them, is being created in our country. Licenses and technical documentation acquired by leading Western companies guarantee high quality of Bulgarian production and mark a huge growth in the export of production for the automotive industry. The cooperation opens up perspectives for the complete absorption of the samples produced in our country and cooperation in the industry with countries that are members of the COMECON. The possibility of using foreign experience and gradually preparing the necessary personnel leads to hitherto unknown concentration and specialization in the industry and to extremely high labor productivity.

Future of modern communication technologies of smart modern production systems is moving to wireless form of data transfer between devices. Thanks to use of smart devices that communicate within the network, we are talking about of interconnection of separate devices – Internet of Things (IoT). In connection with the implementation of standards Industry 4.0 in the manufacturing process together with IoT implementation into production process a new term is created – Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, the implementation of this form of wireless communication brings some problems, mainly in field of safety and stability of data transfers. This paper provides a brief overview of the current state of the use of IIOT in industrial communication and production management and describes relationships to concepts such as cyber-physical systems and Industry 4.0. Part of the article is a proposal of communication scheme suitable for the implementation on model of modular production system (MPS).

Creating a new marketplace requires a different template of strategic thinking. Instead of searching within the accepted boundaries that define how we compete, managers can look systematically on them. In addition, they can find a free territory that represents a real breakthrough in value. This section will describe how companies can systematically follow the value of innovation by looking at the defined limits of competition – through alternative industries, through strategic groups, through customer groups, through complementary products and service offerings, through the functional – economic guidance of the industry, and even over time.

Increasing competition in the market requires manufacturers to bring high technology solutions to optimize production processes on the one hand and to offer personalized products on the other hand. In the current conditions of digitization, namely the application of information and computer technologies requires the use of new management approaches. The report attempts to systematize the approaches and challenges of applying high technology to the modern industry.

The research in the field of logistic processes in the printing house will be focused on defined the improvement in the context of the „Industry 4.0” concept. In the industry, the growing complexity of production makes logistic processes more and more important. In every printing house industry certain processes which are implemented in the sphere of production can be systematized. The study will focus on the importance and goals of logistics processes; distribution; logistic chain; analysis of the efficiency of processes; selection of suppliers and organization of deliveries, creating networks of cooperators in the enterprise; computer support of processes at production; designing logistic systems. The study will present logistic processes in the printing house based on the „Industry 4.0” concept. “Industry 4.0” is often identified in the first place with the digital transformation of production systems – their digitalization. The production sphere is also moving towards increasing digitalization, first and foremost by using wider applications: data management (Big Data), and above all effective acquisition (via various types of sensors) and analysis of data; automation, e.g. the combination of traditional manufacturing methods with artificial intelligence, allowing to reduce errors and costs; communication using broadband links to connect the whole value chain; digital communication with clients. The conclusion of the research will be providing improvements of processes in chosen printing industry analyzing the solutions of the “Industry 4.0” concept.

The inadequate economic policy in 90’s brings to destruction of basic sectors of the Bulgarian industry. Bulgaria is one of European’s countries mostly engaged with deindustrialization process. Nowadays we have to pay more attention to high technological sectors in industry which are based upon theoretical and practical knowledge that by its side is based of enormous investments in science. The condition of Bulgarian industry needs to focus urgently towards inculcating innovations and investments for increasing the enterprise competitiveness. The introducing innovations needs special attention nowadays because the rapidly speed of changes. The world had gone through the industrial time to the age of knowledge. In the fast developing global environment the strategic advantage can be brought by leaders of changes and the only way for that is by introducing innovations. An important role for the long term competitiveness of the Bulgarian economy has the increasing level of innovative enterprises which produce and inculcate new products and processes and the participation of the country in the global high technological manufacture. The reviving of the Bulgarian industry is connected with building new high-tech enterprises and a good example for that is Trakia economic zone (Plovdiv region, Bulgaria).

Modern society is developing in conditions of pressing social, economical and ecological problems. Since Russian big industrial business as part of society has an effect on its development, social responsiveness becomes increasingly important. Value of social responsiveness is in minimizing negative implications of company production operation, in solving climate, global and local development.
Thanks to social responsiveness business becomes more well-established socioeconomically, gets an opportunity of increasing its intangible assets.

Many theoretical concepts of studying innovation strategies concentrate on selected aspects and determinants of this phenomenon and dissemble cohesive and wider perspective. In result there is lack of comprehensive researches concerning innovation policies, especially covering long term, repetitive studies based on the same methodology. The main purpose of this article is to assess innovation strategies applied in Polish medium and large industrial enterprises based on three dimensional innovation activity model – innovation cube. Those dimensions are: place of creating, continuity of activity and way of innovation utilization. In result of imposition above criteria these model presents eight different variations of innovation policies. The most common innovation policy utilized in Polish industrial enterprises is individual innovator. This means that innovations were created in continuous manner, based on own resources and for own use. The test sample covered years 2007-2009 and 2012-2014. Surveys were conducted on group of medium and large Polish enterprises belonging to low-, medium- and high-tech industries. Each phase of research was based on the same methodology. From first stage 80 responses were obtained and from the second one 92.

Many theoretical concepts of studying innovation strategies concentrate on selected aspects and determinants of this phenomenon and dissemble cohesive and wider perspective. In result there is lack of comprehensive researches concerning innovation policies, especially covering long term, repetitive studies based on the same methodology. The main purpose of this article is to assess innovation strategies applied in Polish medium and large industrial enterprises based on three dimensional innovation activity model – innovation cube. Those dimensions are: place of creating, continuity of activity and way of innovation utilization. In result of imposition above criteria these model presents eight different variations of innovation policies. The most common innovation policy utilized in Polish industrial enterprises is individual innovator. This means that innovations were created in continuous manner, based on own resources and for own use.

The test sample covered years 2007-2009 and 2012-2014. Surveys were conducted on group of medium and large Polish enterprises belonging to low-, medium- and high-tech industries. Each phase of research was based on the same methodology. From first stage 80 responses were obtained and from the second one 92.