International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Decision making is a key characteristic of a successful organisation and one of the most important roles of a manager. Decisionmaking plays an important role during times of crisis. Any condition, even a crisis, can be handled by a manager equipped with the appropriate crisis competencies. In the theory of managerial decision-making, the various procedures and tools are explained through normative and descriptive theories, which should form the basis of decision-making even in times of crisis. Uncertainty and complexity are significant predictors of decision-making practices in such conditions. From a normative perspective, the characteristics of decision-making in times of crisis include complexity, political aspect and formalisation. From the perspective of descriptive theories, attention is paid to the psychological aspects of decision making and the influence of behavioural economics on managers’ decision making. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, with its tools, supports decision-making. The creators of this support should try to reinforce the intended rationality of the target user and at the same time avoid introducing “irrationality” into the processes of analysis and decision making. Effective technologies must take into account the complex social and economic nature of decision-making. Related to this is a properly aligned corporate culture as a tool for implementing the changes and innovations needed to cope with the crisis. Changing corporate culture as a quick response to a crisis is, according to many authors, impossible. That is why there is talk of preparedness in the form of gradual introduction of Industry 4.0 tools in order to build a digital corporate culture that can support the introduction of necessary changes in enterprises in times of crisis. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of the crisis on changes in managerial decision-making in the era of the fourth industrial revolution and to discuss what role corporate culture can play in crisis-induced changes.

The subject of the conducted research and development project was the simulation modeling of solutions for a mass production system of customized furniture. Within the project, a digital twin of the custom furniture production and flexible manufacturing in the FlexSim 3D Simulation Software environment were utilized. The research and development work aimed to investigate the impact of production volume on machine load and the overall system efficiency. The scientific paper presents the methodology of project implementation, as well as the characteristics of input data and the process of producing customized furniture. The functioning logic of the simulation model is also described, along with the outcomes of the solutions for various scenarios. The paper includes the results of computer simulations for individual variants and provides potential recommendations. The project was carried out at Handcraft Sp. z o.o. company.

This article presents an Industry 4.0 assembly line that employs mixed reality (MR) and data lake systems to optimize the assembly process. MR devices such as HoloLens are used to provide operators with real-time assistance. The data generated by the MR devices is stored in a data lake system, which allows for real-time monitoring of the assembly process. This case study demonstrates the potential for MR and data lake systems to revolutionize traditional manufacturing processes and improve productivity and quality in Industry 4.0.

The article will examine the principles, approaches and documented information of the quality management system ISO 9001 in the context of Industry 4.0. will be analyzed the structure, implementation and maintenance of the quality management system in the conditions of Industry 4.0. Recommendations for future change of the version of the standard in the presence of digitization will be made.

With the developing food industry applications, the use of gastronorm containers is also increasing rapidly. It is widely used to transport, cook, preserve and serve gastronorm containers and food products. In line with international standards (EN 631-1, EN 631-2, etc.), the production process becomes more complex as the depth of gastronorm containers increases (from 20 mm to 200 mm / 6 different depths) and the process steps increase. Due to the errors arising from the process stages, there is an increase in the number of rejects, and thus energy efficiency is adversely affected. An automatic pressure balancing system design has been developed in accordance with the workflow in gastronorm container manufacturing with deep drawing technology. Providing the elimination of excess pressure steps and heat treatment needed in deep gastronorm containers (sizes and depths respectively: 1/2 200 mm, 1/3 150 mm, 1/3 200 mm, etc.), as well as the unique design of the integrated deburring machine, a significant innovation with industry 4.0 application has been imparted. Thus, in addition to the increase in product quality, it contributed to reducing unit costs by reducing high waste rates below 5%.

The objective of the paper is to analyze pros and cons of different generations from the point of view of their readiness to satisfy the required labor skills criteria for the Industry 4.0 workforce and willingness to participate in the process of upcoming transformation. The basic conclusion is that today´s coexistence of different generations should be transformed into an active and efficient collaboration. In many organizations teams consisting of workers belonging to different generations will be working and in these teams older (or even middle-aged ) colleagues should share their professional know-how and practical experience with younger colleagues and younger members  should use their digital capabilities to achieve common objectives of the organization.

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) provides the framework for a new industrial revolution based on digitalization and networking. This production concept is based on the intelligent connection of mechanical engineering, electronics and software. The development of the I4.0 concept has directly contributed to the development of new technologies and business models as well as new ways of working and thinking. The implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in the education of engineers is a basic prerequisite for the development of the economy and society. For this reason, university education of production engineers must constantly change and adapt to modern production technologies and systems. The widespread application of new technologies in production practise requires a rapid response from the university community, which is reflected in the introduction of innovations in the traditional education of production engineers. The paper analyses the current curriculum of production engineering studies at the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad (Republic of Serbia, AP of Vojvodina) and the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Srpska) in terms of the requirements and needs of Industry 4.0. Based on the analysis, proposals and guidelines for their innovation were given.

The advent of technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, collaborative robotics, the Internet of Things, algorithms and digital work platforms and at the same time a significant increase in the number of people working remotely brings opportunities as well as new challenges and risks in the field of health and safety. Addressing challenges and risks and maximizing opportunities depend on how technologies are used, managed and regulated in the context of social, political and economic trends [1]. This post describes digitization and its use in the field of safety.

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are the core of the Fourth industrial revolution and the Industry 4.0 initiative. They are facing many challenges, addressing them requires attracting and using new methods and techniques from the field of artificial intelligence and big data to make intelligent decisions and perform effective data analysis. Тhe paper presents an analyze of the current trends and challenges in the development of cyber-physical systems and the ever-increasing interest in the methods and approaches of artificial intelligence and its application in the life cycle phases of design, analysis, implementation and maintenance of CPS. There are two aspects that are the focus of attention and analysis: (1) the computing by intelligence and (2) the computing for intelligence. Finally some ideas for using different methods and approaches of artificial intelligence for achieving interoperability and autonomy of CPS are proposed.

In the context of large-scale and diverse forms of international assistance for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, it is necessary to identify and offer foreign partners a format to support tourism in our country, especially inbound one. A possible proposal is to develop an international program to encourage foreign tourists to come to Ukraine on special tours, which will be partially funded by donor countries. Combining domestic tourist flows with foreign flows of this type is possible through tourist events, especially festivals. In this format, the festival will have significant synergetic potential, as it will be a point of unification of tourist flows in time and space. The experience of international kite festivals as a special form of event tourism is researched. It allowed to summarize certain features of festivals as tourist events. Certain aspects and features proved the complexity of such phenomena as a tourist event, festival event, the complexity of their preparation and conduct, active interaction with socio-economic processes in the territory.

The digital twin (DT) based on CMM as support Industry 4.0, are based on integration of digital product metrology information through metrological identification, application artificial intelligence techniques and generation of global/local inspection plan for coordinate measuring machine (CMM). DT based on CMM has an extremely expressed requirement for digitalization, control, and monitoring of the measurement processes inside Industry 4.0 concept. This paper presents an approach of development DT as one direction information flow based on four levels: (i) mathematical model of the measuring sensor path; (ii) tolerances and geometry of the parts by applying an ontological knowledge base; (iii) the application of AI techniques such as Ants Colony Optimization (ACO) and Genetic lgorithm (GA) to optimize the measurement path, part number of part setup and configuration of the measuring probes; (iv) simulation of measurement path. After simulation of the measurement path and visual checks of collisions, the path sequences are generated in the control data list for appropriate CMM. The experiment was successfully carried out on the example of prismatic part.

Explosive changes in technology are having a significant impact on all industries. Robotics, artificial intelligence, cyber physics systems, cloud computing, IoT and blockchain technology, 5G, nanotechnology, 3D printing are all defining elements of Industry 4.0. The integrated use of these methods enables the perception and display of the external environment, which significantly enables improvements in each industry. In the future, we expect a fusion of physical, digital, and biological technologies, which will provide new opportunities for innovative solutions. The authors of the present study present a future study to predict innovative solutions to key global challenges.