International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The microstructure and characteristics of the heat resistance of layered composites of Nb–V alloys and intermetallic compounds with aluminum are presented. The composites obtained by diffusion welding under pressure of packages of aluminum foils and foils of niobium alloys with 5, 10, and 15 at. % vanadium had structures representing an alternation of viscous-plastic layers and reinforcing layers of aluminides. The composites were characterized by a viscous-plastic nature of fracture and higher values of strength at room temperature and temperatures up to 1300°C, in comparison with composites without vanadium.

The features of the structure formation of Al-Cu and Al-Cu-C materials under conditions of spark-plasma sintering under conditions of superposition of a direct and pulsating current at a temperature of 600ºC and a mechanical pressure of 60 MPa are studied. The obtained Al-Cu-C system materials with hardness from 400 to 1000 MPa, porosity from 3 to 1% are recommended for use as slip contacts, and also as antifriction materials in friction pairs either in dry (carbon-containing composites) or wet friction (composites not containing carbon).

In contrast to the melting technologies for the production of high-temperature alloys in the solid-phase technology developed by us, a multi-layer structure of the future composite material is already set at the initial stage of the billet formation. In the work presented, the billets were assembled from Nb- and Mo-foils with one or two-sided coatings of carbon or Si-B. Layered structures of composites were formed during the diffusion welding of packets at 1500°C and a pressure of ~14 MPa. In the place of the coatings, layers of hightemperature carbides or intermetallic Si and B compounds with Nb and Mo formed, which occupied up to ~40% of the cross-sectional area of the composites. The strength and crack resistance at room temperature, strength at a temperature of up to 1500 °C, as well as the modulus of elasticity and density were measured. The presence of intermetallides in the structure of composites leads to a decrease in their density and an increase in the modulus of elasticity.