International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Intelligence agencies have evolved from covert security instruments into strategic diplomatic actors that influence negotiations, alliances, and international legal processes. This paper explores the role of intelligence in foreign relations, examines its interaction with international law, and analyzes the legal and ethical dilemmas posed by covert diplomacy. Through selected case studies—including Mossad’s backchannel operations prior to the Abraham Accords and the CIA’s Cold War contributions—the study highlights how intelligence can stabilize crises while simultaneously challenging norms of sovereignty and non-intervention. The paper proposes a conceptual model for understanding intelligence as a diplomatic tool within contemporary global governance.

The present-day geopolitical landscape and the nature of modern conflicts, in which opponents are often mixed with the civilian population, impose significant limitations on the use of force. Minimizing the number of victims in armed conflicts is fundamental principle of both International law (IL) and the Non-lethal weapons (NLWs) concept. The IL, however, still seems insufficiently adapted in respect to NLWs, creating paradoxes in which use of conventional weapons, causing massive death and damage, prove to be preferable to non-lethal force. This paper examines the unresolved issues in the relationships between IL and the chemical non-lethal agents.

Relationships that are the subject of logistics in general, in principle have still not been resolved from a juridical standpoint. Even individual types of logistics do not have holistic, integrated legal regulation. However, even the legal regulation of the transport logistics is a fragmented set of norms regulating individual types of transportation, but not a transport logistics in general.

It is hard to imagine that in principle it is possible to develop a set of international legal standards, which would constitute a coherent legal system ensuring the functioning of macro-logistics systems, i.e. the so-called “the international logistics right" or "the right of international logistics systems”. International practice is on the way of the development of legal regulation of individual logistics operations, but not of the logistics in general.

Many of the logistics spheres are not regulated by international law even on that level. Moreover, a large number of logistics operations is not regulated, even at the level of national law. Management of the goods distribution process, from the legal point of view, is one of the most “non-image” fields of economic activities.

There are adopted many international agreements in the field of international goods distribution (especially in the field of transport and customs regulation). However, majority of these agreements have hardly representative character (many of them, which are adopted quite a long time ago, still await either entry into force, because they do not have the required number of ratifications).
International trade interests, the process of international division of labor, and the internationalization of economic life have created a special tool of legal regulation – "Lex mercatoria" (international commercial law).