International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

In order to test the tribological properties of the high alloy ledeburite steel X210Cr12, test samples were made on which the mass loss was measured before and after the wear test. The test was performed using the “pin on disk” method on the Taber abraser device, with part of the samples tested without lubricant and part with lubricant to compare and present the results. X210Cr12 steel was chosen as the material for the pin sample, while low alloy steel was chosen for the disk sample. In the lubricant test, hemp oil was used and analyzed to show the effects of this oil on the lubrication and wear of the material. During the test, each sample was subjected to a modified load and a modified number of cycles. From the test results, it can be concluded that hemp oil exhibited satisfactory properties over all test cycles, with an approximately constant pattern of mass loss. In addition, hemp oil showed more favorable properties at higher test loads and a greater number of test cycles, so it can be used as a lubricant based on the test results obtained under test conditions such as those that prevailed in this test.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the most used additives for lubricants. The principle of their operation and the result of their work are considered. The effect of additives on the structure of surface layers on the surface of friction pairs is est imated. The analysis showed the use of only a limited number of principles of the action of antifriction additives. Theoretically promising antifriction additives for base oils, relevant for use in railway transport, have been proposed.

Modern metals, alloys and polymers, using in mechanical engineering, now have such high-temperature and strength properties that do not meet the advanced requirements. One of the methods to improve their physico-mechanical properties is the method of hardening by dispersed additives. Nanodiamond (ND) and diamond-carbon -containing material (NDC) of detonation synthesis, having nano-structure and high surface energy, impact structurally on any materials contacting with them. Detonation synthesis is a fundamentally new and productive type of basic technology for producing nanostructures and nanomaterials. ND of detonation synthesis is a unique material that combines the properties of diamonds and the advantages of nanostructures. Industrial development of the given method made it possible to actually reach large-volume production and consumption of ND in a number of industries. The effectiveness application of ND and NDC in industrial lubricants, polishing, composite galvano-chemical coatings, metal and polymer-based composites has been shown.

Bulk forming is one of the most effective and efficient manufacturing processes. Mass production of many of the items without any defects has been possible because of the advancements in cold bulk forming. The characteristic of a lubricant, especially coefficient of friction influences the interfacial friction during the forming process. This friction causes defects and many difficulties and has to be kept within limits so the proper choice of lubrication is very important for the quality of the formed product. The influence of lubricant’s coefficient of friction on different mechanical and electrical properties of cold extruded material has been investigated and described in this paper by performing many different tests and measurements for mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the formed material. Coefficients of friction for four different lubricants were first obtained by ring test, and then these lubricants were used in cold extrusion process. The obtained experimental results describing the effect of lubrication on material properties were presented in a form of diagrams and have shown that choice of lubrication could influence some material properties.

Shown in this paper is the possibility to diagnose quality of motor oil by using the method of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) Investigated in this work were four samples of the motor oil Genuine 5w-30 dexos 2, namely: the fresh one and three ones taken after car mileages 180, 430 and 712 km. When measuring the kinetics of refraction indexes for the studied samples of used oil, the authors observed a characteristic “shoulder” caused by sedimentation of oxidation and wear particles on the surface of SPR device sensitive element, while in the case of fresh oil there took place only the temperature drift of the refraction index. It has been experimentally shown that using the SPR method improves more than one order (from Δfmin = 0.17 vol.% down to Δfmin = 0.0107 vol.%) the detection limit and enhances sensitivity of measuring the wear particles concentration in motor oil as compared with the refractometric method. Thus, it is experimentally proved that the SPR method can be offered to control quality of motor oils as well as the degree of wear inherent to interacting parts of machinery.