International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Nanotechnology has grown in popularity due to the enormous potential for producing materials and products with diverse properties, allowing significant advancement of existing technology and the development of new innovative technologies. Nanomaterials behave differently at the nanoscale than their conventional counterparts, opening exciting new possibilities in a wide range of construction applications. Nonetheless, the lack of information on nanomaterials’ suitability, high costs, and health risks limits their use in construction and structural engineering. As a result, research must be conducted to provide accurate information and facts about the properties and performance of nanomaterials under various load conditions, as well as information on the advantages of using nanomaterials over other construction materials. This paper provides information on nanomaterial properties and how they affect structural materials’ microstructure and mechanical properties. It also demonstrates the benefits of using nanotechnology and suggests new possibilities.

Two novel types of electrochemical sensors were obtained by chemical deposition of Pt and MoO2 nanoparticles onto multi walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNT) and used for determination of frequently used pesticides clomazone and oxyfluorfen in aqueous media via differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV). Clomazone was determined in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0 in the concentration range 0.61-20.56 ng cm-3, with LOQ = 0.61 and LOD = 0.38 ng cm-3. Oxyfluorfen was determined with good reproducibility (RSD <2.4%) in the concentration range 2.5-34.5 ng cm-3, with r = 0.99 and a LOQ of 1.5 ng cm-3. Results were in the same range measured by HPLC/DAD, which was used as comparative method. Structural characterization of the dopped MWCNT performed by Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron (HR-TEM), and X-ray crystallography revealed a preserved MWCNT structure decorated with well dispersed species of the platinum and MoO2 nanoparticles

The structure of the bulk crystals allow to determine the habit of the nanocrystales on their base only as a source point. It is impossible to neglect the size, form and influence of surface. The liquids surface relatively quickly passes to equilibrium form when free energy is minimum. Debye’s temperature is rather arbitrary parameter. Its determination is based on some approach. However this parameter is introduced to the reference books and is broadly used in the crystal physics. Proposed strategy allows defining habit maximum size of nanoparticles on the base well known physics representations. The L–value is determined the bounder between sizes where it can be done value description and where it’s necessary to take into account the particle sizes.

The physical properties of nanoparticles as modifiers are depend on their geometrical characteristics. These objects have 5- and 10-axis symmetry which is forbidden for crystals. The 3×3 matrices-generators of point groups of rotation in crystallographical and crystallophysics basises have as matrix elements 0 and ±1, except groups hexa- and trigonal in H-basis crystals. But these lattices too have 0 and ±1 as matrix elements for matrical representation of point moving in crystallographical basis. For describing the point groups of pentagonal and decagonal symmetries, instead of crystal lattices the so-named general regular lattices (GRL). The two dimensional GRL is known as Penrose’s sets. For 3-d pentagonal sets there are 14 groups of point symmetry, which are not crystallographic because their elements may be golden ratio.

A methodology was developed for the casting of samples of AlSi7Mg alloy modified with nanocomposites (NCs). The following NCs were used: SiC + Cu, AlN + Cu + Al, TiN + Cu, SiC + Al, SiC + Ag Cu, where Ag and Al are cladding metals. The introduction of the nanocompositions takes place in the crucible of a furnace. A thin-walled cylindrical casting mould is used on whose axis is installed a protected thermocouple to measure temperature variation as a function of time. The effect of NCs on overcooling and on sample structure is established.

The influence of various factors on the processes of nonequilibrium crystallization of dipeptide (DPT) from its aqueous solutions has been studied. The nonequilibrium crystallization leads to the formation of spatially heterogeneous structures. Depending on the charge of the DPT molecule (neutral or anion), not only the morphology of the surface of the layers changes, but also its electronic structure. The important role is played by the properties of the substrate-layer interfaces, which are responsible for the formation of ferroelectrics on gold during the crystallization of the DPT anion. The structure of the solid layers is also significantly affected by charges on the substrate surface, which can partially or completely compensate for the charges of individual functional groups in the PT molecule. The observed effects of bipolar resistive switching in peptide layers and the formation of ferroelectrics can find practical application as a smart material of memristor organic lectronics.

The present work reports on a new silicotungstic acid catalyst supported on graphene (HSiW/G). The deposition was performed by sonochemical method proven as an effective technique for the synthesis of the supported catalysts. The catalyst (HSiW/G) was characterized using a variety of physico-chemical methods as TEM, HR SEM, DLS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Homogeneous distribution of HSiW on the surface of graphene was demonstrated. Hydrolysis of biomass for the production of glucose was studied. The hydrolysis of glycogen was performed with a HSiW/G catalyst by hydrothermal treatment. The yield of glucose (65 wt%) obtained was about 8 times higher than that obtained with the same amount of bare HSiW. Stability of the HSiW/graphene even after 3 repeated uses was confirmed. The mechanism of enhancement of the catalytic activity was discussed in terms of a special interaction between the graphene support and HSiW and also the appearance of hydrophobic cavities on the surface of graphene.

In the present article, a mathematical model is developed to describe the motion of solid particles of micro- and nano-size in a gaseous medium. The model is represented by certain integro-differential equation with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. A probabilistic interpretation of the model is provided and its solvability is studied. We find that unique solution exists at certain sufficient condition. It is shown that the Fokker-Planck equation can be obtained from the integro-differential equation. Finally, a generalization to the 2D case is performed.

The paper is concerned with the innovative technological processes of mobile robots with infrared thermo camera for inspection, group wireless control of autonomous luggage carriers, shafts renovation based on nonelectric chemical laying of a nickel coating with included nanoparticles, graphical Braille screen using permanent magnet linear electromagnetic actuator for driving a needle, high speed forging processes with a new industrial rocket engine applicable for a high-speed forging hammer, new type milling bodies – spheroidal tetrahedron. A modern Smart Lab equipment for advanced research activities is presented.