International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

To design energy-efficient buildings, it is essential to accurately calculate, monitor, and analyze their energy consumption at all stages: from conceptual (sketch) development and design to construction and operation. However, current regulatory documentation lacks methodologies that fully account for the interrelated processes occurring in building envelopes—such as heat transfer, moisture accumulation, and air infiltration—evaluate the effectiveness of specific energy-saving measures, or perform energy consumption data analysis to determine a building’s actual energy performance indicators.This highlights the relevance of calculating and analyzing building energy consumption while accounting for heat and mass transfer processes in envelope structures and the presence of various architectural and construction elements. A methodology has been developed for processing data obtained from building thermal energy metering systems. This methodology allows, during the operational phase, to determine buildings’ energy characteristics, evaluate the efficiency of thermal energy use, and assess the effectiveness of energy-saving measures.

Modern intensification of materials processing technology leads to an increase in the role of non-stationary interconnected exchange processes compared to stationary unconnected interconnected exchange processes compared to stationary unconnected. This fact is still insufficiently reflected in the field of solving energy and mass transfer problems (EMT) at small Fourier numbers (Fourier numbers ≤0.1) at short-term phase contact (SPC). In this article, a generalized mathematical model of interconnected non-stationary irregular energy and mass transfer mode at short-term contact across a boundary with selective permeability of phases is formalized. In vector-matrix form, a conjugate mixed boundary value problem is solved with excitation in each of the phases of flows of substances absent in the other phase. By analogy with heat exchange and mass exchange, matrices of potential assimilation of phases and a contact matrix are introduced, which allows obtaining a uniform solution for a number of special cases and especially simplified the entry for the vector of interphase flow densities. The mathematical notation of the solutions of the considered parabolic system of partial differential equations of the second order for intensive irreversible processes (Fourier numbers ≤0.1) are written in vector-matrix form and are close to the scalar Higbee theory for mass transfer.

The features of the chemical and phase composition, structure and transformations in boride inclusions in the steel 04H14Т3R1F, used for the manufacture of hexagonal pipe covers used during transportation to the place of regeneration and storage of spent fuel assemblies (FA) of nuclear power plants, have been studied. It has been established that steel 04H14Т3R1F contains two types of boride inclusions (Ti,Fe,Cr,V)2B with a shell of (Ti,Cr,V)2B and (Fe,Cr)2B, which have significant chemical heterogeneity. It is shown that in the process of hot deformation the phase and structural transformations occur: a change in the composition of borides due to the redistribution of elements, dynamic diffusion fragmentation and release of “satellite” particles, brittle destruction of borides, boride transformation. The behavior of boride inclusions and their influence on the mechanical properties of 04H14T3R1F steel at different plastic deformation temperatures was studied.

The features of the chemical and phase composition, structure and transformations in boride inclusions in the steel 04H14Т3R1F, used for the manufacture of hexagonal pipe covers used during transportation to the place of regeneration and storage of spent fuel assemblies (FA) of nuclear power plants, have been studied. It has been established that steel 04H14Т3R1F contains two types of boride inclusions (Ti,Fe,Cr,V)2B with a shell of (Ti,Cr,V)2B and (Fe,Cr)2B, which have significant chemical heterogeneity. It is shown that in the process of hot deformation the phase and structural transformations occur: a change in the composition of borides due to the redistribution of elements, dynamic diffusion fragmentation and release of “satellite” particles, brittle destruction of borides, boride transformation. The behavior of boride inclusions and their influence on the mechanical properties of 04H14T3R1F steel at different plastic deformation temperatures was studied.

We studied the different parts (lock and feather) of Inconel 738C gas turbine blade, which were cut from the working turbine blade after long operation and recovery heat treatment. Undesired phases such as TCP phase (sigma phase) and some of continuous carbides such as M₂₃C₆ in the grain boundary are found. The presence of M₂₃C₆ carbides in studied samples testifies to the diffusion process of decomposition of MC carbide and the associated softening of the alloy. The appearance of sigma phase leads to embrittlement of the alloy. Generation of these specifications in the structure results in degradation of metallurgical and mechanical properties of the blade and eventually its destruction.