International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

A significant transformation is underway, driven by the rise of new companies that challenge traditional energy models and bring forth innovative technologies and business strategies. These innovative companies are leading the way in advancing cleaner, more sustainable energy systems. They concentrate on renewable energy generation, energy storage, smart grid technologies, and enhancing energy efficiency. By decentralizing energy production and offering customer-focused solutions, these companies are reshaping the way energy is produced, distributed, and consumed. This article explores how these new players are not only contributing to global sustainability goals by reducing carbon emissions but also creating economic opportunities, such as job creation and attracting investment in the clean energy sector. Despite the promising benefits, these firms face significant challenges, including regulatory hurdles, competition from established players, and financial constraints. Overcoming these barriers will require coordinated efforts from policymakers, industry leaders, and investors to create an environment conducive to innovation. Ultimately, the ongoing evolution of the energy sector presents an opportunity to build a more resilient, efficient, and sustainable energy system for the future.

The future development of the renewable energy sector in Bulgaria is already set by the European Commission in the “Energy Map of Europe – 2050”. The goals of the Green Deal should not predominant the goals of environmental protection and reverse. Bulgaria should ensure balance and sustainability in the development especially of wind energy sources due to the fact that most energy potential areas fall in the protected areas and territories by Natura 2000. The biggest such conflict observed in that report is the region of North- Eastern Bulgaria. The production of electricity from wind is one of the activities that has a potential impact on birds. For this reason, the subject of this study analyses the available data and summarize the birds’ impacts of wind generators in the region of North – Eastern Bulgaria.

Cyber-physical systems are structures that are controlled and monitored by computer-based algorithms consisting of physical components. The energy industry is becoming a large and complex cyber physical system with the industrial revolution. These developments in the energy sector have a positive effect on Industry 4.0. Developments in the fields of production, transmission and distribution, retail sales, trade and consumption from the elements of the energy sector are increasing day by day via sensor-based communicable autonomous systems. U.N. Industrial Revolution in its report in 2017 elaborate the relevancy between the Sustainable Development Goals no. 7 and 9 about sustainable energy and inclusive industry development that Industry 4.0 and sustainable energy transition share crucial concerns that can be interconnected to pursue a sustainable energy transition. Sustainable energy is defined to have two main components: energy efficiency and renewable energy. UNIDO’s initial hypothesis tells that a comprehensive shift in manufacturing may change the behavior in energy consumption, including energy efficiency and renewable energy usage. Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology is one of the important factors contributing to the above mentioned concept of sustainable energy.

In this study wind potential investigated for the region to the east of Turkey’s Hakkari centers. The wind speed and direction information used in the study were taken from the measurement station belonging to the General Directorate of Meteorology in Hakkari Center. Data sets containing 5 year wind speed and wind direction between 2013 and 2017 taken from this measurement station were analyzed by the WASP program. The NASA SRTM data library in the WASP interface was used to create digital maps for the region. Regional barriers required for areas where wind potentials are searched and roughness maps were created using Google Maps. As a result of these analyzes, annual average wind speed value of 1.96 m / s and average power density of this region in Hakkari Center is calculated as 12 W / m2. The prevailing wind direction belonging to this region has been identified as Southwest, but it has been found that this dominant wind direction changes with great proximity to the Southeast-Northwest sector interval on the South side.

Renewable energy has been demanding in recent years and work on it has increased, but it does not have the potential to meet the required energy level. Energy can only meet high demand when it is used more efficiently and when correct conversions are made. The correct and economical use of energy can only be achieved by storing energy. There are many problems such as the situations where the resources are present and insufficient, the unbalance of the production consumption and the supply demand balance are prevented by storing energy. There are many ways of storing energy. When we examine these under 4 headings; electrical energy storage, mechanical energy storage, thermal energy storage and chemical energy storage.