International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The article presents the results of the action of agricultural machinery on soil compaction – chernozems. The dependence of changes in soil compaction on crop cultivation technologies is shown. A comparison is made for such technologies as No-Tillage and traditional. The technique used in these technologies is analyzed. Conclusions were made and recommendations were given to reduce the negative impact of technology on the soil.

The paper presents the method of combining the results of soil compaction, which were obtained by the penetrometer of Ukrainian production S 600, into the software of digital agriculture. For example, it is shown how to enter the obtained soil compaction data into the AFS software.

In Serbia, there are about 400.000 hectares of heavy mechanical composition soil and over 100.000 hectares of soil damaged in various ways. Every year, with different degradation processes, new 1.000 hectares of soil are damaged. From the aspect of physical properties, soil compaction represents a serious problem that leads to changes in physical-mechanical and water-air properties and is one of the main factors of soil degradation. This paper presents the technique of measuring soil compaction on experimental field of 1 hectare using a hand-held penetrometer on operating depth 25cm, along with the geographic location of the sampling points. The data obtained in this research, the method of collecting, processing and displaying that data suggested certain shortcomings of the application of this method for testing soil resistance, as well as the need for a procedure for measuring soil resistance using a continuous method.

Почвата, като природна даденост е продукт на продължителни и изключително сложни процеси, протичащи в продължение на хиляди години (за 100-150години се образува почвен слой с дебелина около 1cm). Стопанското значение на почвата се определя от нейната обобщена характеристика плодородие, което представлява способността ѝ да снабдява растенията с необходимите хранителни вещества, вода и въздух. Плодородието на почвата зависи от нейното състояние, което количествено се изразява чрез свойствата ѝ порьозност, плътност и влажност. Изменението на тези свойства се дължи на структурния ѝ строеж и на въздействията на които тя е подложена. В резултат от прилагането на съвременното интензивно земеделие, при което земеделските земи повсеместно са подложени на прекомерна експлоатация почвите деградират, което се отразява неблагоприятно както на техните свойства,така и на отглежданите на тях култури.

За изследване на сложни обекти, каквато се явява и почвата е целесъобразно да се прилагат принципите и методите от теорията на експеримента. Правилното им прилагане дава възможност да се получи картина на процесите и явленията, които протичат в почвата много близка до реалната.

An analysis the process of harvesting the field of large square bales of plant feed at different traffic pattern loading and transport units. We propose a constructive-technological scheme of additional transport unit for an orderly stacking of bales on the field surface in neat rows across the trajectory of the baler. The calculations of power requirement to drive the baler equipped with an additional transport unit. A technique for determining the area of compacted surface of the field propulsion units for different schemes of traffic during harvesting bales. Calculated the reduction in size of compacted surface of the field at harvest bales of flat series obtained from the use of additional transport unit. The results of energy research and technological performance of his work.