International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The analysis of each traffic accident is carried out based on recorded traces at the scene of the traffic accident and the damage caused to vehicles. One of the basic parameters in the analysis of traffic accidents is the mutual position of the vehicle at the time of the collision. To define the collision position of the vehicle, it is necessary to determine the intensity and compliance of the vehicle damage. The development of photogrammetry has enabled the creation of 3D models based on which the intensity and mutual compliance of vehicle damage can be more clearly shown, which increases the relevance of the determined collision position of the vehicle. Accordin gly, this paper will present the process of creating 3D models of damaged vehicles and will analyze all the possibilities of applying photogrammetry in defining the collision positions of vehicles.

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users and traffic accidents involving pedestrians are the most complex type of traffic accident to analyse. The paper describes the kinematics of traffic accidents involving pedestrians and presents statistical data on pedestrian traffic accidents. The main element which needs to be calculated regarding a pedestrian collision is the impact speed of the vehicle involved in the collision. This paper aims to present various models of vehicle impact speed calculation. As a part of this paper, several crash tests were conducted using a pedestrian dummy to determine the reliability of the models. Additionally, the PC-Crash simulation software was also used to calculate the impact speed of the vehicle.

The factors that affect on traffic safety are human, vehicle, road and environment. In Croatia the leading cause of traffic accident is human, in just 0,2% of traffic accident the cause is some technical defect on vehicle. However, analyzing the information that on the regular annual technical inspection more than 22% of the vehicle did not meet the technical requirements, to assume is that the number of defective vehicles that causes traffic accidents is significantly higher. In order to determine the relevant statistic data of vehicle as a cause of traffic accidents, it is necessary to implement technical inspection of vehicle that are involved in traffic accident. Research objectives are to determine how many defective vehicles were involved in traffic accident, how many of them might have been the cause of a traffic accident, and which elements on the vehicle are possible cause of traffic accident.

Within the transport process there is continuous interaction between the three main factors: behaviour of road users, infrastructure conditions and characteristics and vehicles. As a matter of fact, the aforementioned factors are key sources of causes for traffic accidents.
The purpose of the present article is to propose such a road traffic organization that would reduce congestions, minimize the number of road accidents and the risk to health and life and would enhance safety. In this context certain characteristics of a specific road section in Bulgaria will be examined. Furthermore measures for improving traffic conditions and safety will be defined.

According to WHO, more than 1.2 million people die in road traffic crashes every year and 50 million are injured or disabled.
Over the last decade nearly all EU countries record a decrease in number of traffic casualties. However, in the same period Montenegro’s figures generally point in opposite direction. The fatality rate on Montenegro’s roads, measured as deaths per capita, is 50% higher than that of EU average; however, car ownership in Montenegro is considerably lower than the EU average. Having traffic safety figures so bad, efforts have been made in recent years to address this issue.