International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Increasing the volume of transport requirements increases the consumption of propellants and emissions of pollutants. Calculation and monitoring of pollutant emissions and energy consumption with the aim of reducing the negative impact on the environment and thus choosing the best transport route and means of transport for a particular transport task is a step towards a solution that can be applied to reduce emissions. The development of software tools for calculating energy consumption and pollutant emissions is conditioned by the precision of the defined methodology used for the calculation. This paper presents the possibilities of using tools for calculating pollutant emissions in transport.

The activity of snow removal on public roads is of particular importance for ensuring road transport in winter and implicitly for maintaining a stable, predictable and efficient economic and social climate. The organization of road snow removal is usually done by the local public authorities, through the public road administrator, varying depending on the geographical and climatic location of the road site. In Romania, the snow removal activity is regulated by the “Regulation on preventing and combating snow on public roads”, indicative AND 525-2013, developed by the National Company of National Highways and National Roads in Romania. The snow removal activity is usually performed on the basis of a service contract and is temporary, depending on the evolution of meteorological phenomena and climatic zones.
The actions to prevent and combat the consequences of dangerous meteorological phenomena are carried out according to their intensity on the following phases, as follows: prevention of icing formation and its neutralization, spreading of anti-skid material and snow removal. The preventive spreading of the anti-skid material is recommended to be done first on the entry / exit arteries in / from the localities. The activity of mechanical cleaning of public roads (streets, bridges, alleys, roundabouts) of snow with blade machines is performed when the snow layer exceeds the thickness of 5 cm. The activity is carried out by successive passages, starting from the axis of the road to the curb, until the complete removal of the snow layer.

The aim of the article was to analyze the impact of lockdowns carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic in Slovakia in the years 2020 and 2021 on changes in public transport utilization in a selected locality. The sample city was the city of Košice in Slovakia and the sample contained data about the number of transported persons by public transport in this city during single days in the years 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021.
We created weekly time series from line graphs compiled for separate years. Subsequently, we analyzed the dynamics of individual time series using calculations of absolute and relative increments, basic indices, growth coefficients, absolute increment and total growth coefficient, and we modeled trends in time analysis and exponential adjustment for the observed years. We compared the years before the pandemic (2018, 2019) with the years most affected by the Corona crisis (2020, 2021). We evaluated the obtained data in the context of the timeline of ongoing lockdowns.

Transport is the backbone of any city. With its help, links are established between urban areas and the suburbs, as well as social interconnection is carried out. The hub makes it easy to transfer between different routes and types of public transport. The article discusses the classical classification of the tree-dimensional structures of transport hubs, as well as a new extended classification.

Transport has irrepressible contribution for the effective development of economy and society. But, these contributions are exceeded by harmful environmental consequences that transport growth causes especially in urban areas. Air pollution, acid rain, noise, climate change are just few of the problems which every urban area is dealing with. Hence, it is very important to provide development of the transport that at the same time could increase its sustainability and minimize environmental degradation. Numerous sustainable transport solutions are available with a potential to decrease these negative influences and promote mobility with higher sustainability. This paper presents a review of sustainable solutions, successfully applied in practice, as guidance for those urban areas that are dealing with the environmental problems from transport, but still are a step behind in undertaking activities.

In the present paper is defined the functional stability of the communication systems for radio connection in the railway transport. It is associated with the possibilities for the realization of the principles of invariance within signal – noise environment altering itself.

Sustainable transport, as one of the areas on which sustainable development should be founded, depends more and more on introduction of electric vehicles in daily traffic. This paper describes part of the results of wider research related to the analysis of all sustainable transport indicators. Since introduction of electric vehicles is supposed to be done stage by stage in the actual transport, deep understanding of its main parameters/indicators is a prerequisite for reliable analysis. The paper identifies traffic and vehicle structure parameters and rang them in hierarchic order. This structure can serve as substructure in more complex structure of all transport parameters in wider researches.

Electrical vehicles are in a new phase of development and utilisation. It has been a long time before such initiatives have taken place. In the meantime the transport as a whole (vehicles, roads, traffic, etc.) has been significantly changed. As expected the main role in this process globally, and regionally is taken by the biggest economies and companies. Besides the environmental priorities, the nature of transport which does not recognise borders enforces smaller economies and countries to adopt their policies in this area, and take chances of the development. This seems to be very complex process with number of challenges. Some of them are very specific for different countries, and it is up to the local researchers to recognize and deal with them. This paper addresses the problem of the infrastructure, i.e. developing of a network of charging stations. Since there are number of specific technical aspects accompanying electric vehicles (types of vehicles, range, charging limitations, price, etc.), the research has started with analysis of the vehicle fleet, road network, and intensity of the traffic in different areas of Republic of Macedonia. This picture is compared with technical characteristics of emerging electric vehicles on the market. That was the way to recognize advantages and disadvantages of use of electric vehicles as substitution of some of the vehicles in the actual fleet. Possible development of use of electric vehicles in the country had to be estimated based on foreign experiences, and such policies in the country. As a result an approach towards development of network of charging stations in Republic of Macedonia has been defined. There is an obvious need this view to be widely presented and discussed with a possible outcome to serve as contribution to the challenges similar countries will face soon.

The use of direct injection in spark ignition engines, significantly facilitated the use of chargers in these engines. This resulted lately in the significant popularization of direct injection engines, initially freely sucking and in final result turbocharged. The greatest popularity on the market gained engines of Volkswagen company, named FSI and TFSI / TSI. Application of Common Rail systems allowed not only to improve the characteristics of the engine by increasing the accuracy in dispensing fuel into individual cylinders. The most important gain is the possibility of second injection of the fuel to the cylinder after the intake valve is closed. On the one hand it allows better control of the load in the cylinder, at first with the piston crown, and now with shaping the injection by the injector.

Integrated technology and new generation of multimodule tracked vehicles unit was designed by PIMR- Industrial Institute of Agricultural Engineering in Poznan within the research project WND-POIG.01.03.01-00-164/09. The Tracked Vehicles Unit (TVU) was built as a part of cooperation with Polish firm Hydromega. TVU is dedicated to work on wetlands and should have positive impact on ecology and better environment protection thanks to use of biodegradable oils and lubricants, diesel engine with Stage III emission standard, innovative tracks which have different internal and external speeds during turns. A single-phase technology is designed for harvesting/collecting and transporting biomass (reeds, grass, bushes, small trees) on wetlands, especially these that are located in National Parks and Nature 2000 areas. The TVU is designed to work with different tool modules for cutting, shredding and transporting collected biomass on wetlands. Amphibian type of the TVU’s hulls allows for work in inlands water (rivers, lakes, canals).

Integrated technology and new generation of multimodule tracked vehicles unit was designed by PIMR- Industrial Institute of Agricultural Engineering in Poznan within the research project WND-POIG.01.03.01-00-164/09. The Tracked Vehicles Unit (TVU) was built as a part of cooperation with Polish firm Hydromega. TVU is dedicated to work on wetlands and should have positive impact on ecology and better environment protection thanks to use of biodegradable oils and lubricants, diesel engine with Stage III emission standard, innovative tracks which have different internal and external speeds during turns. A single-phase technology is designed for harvesting/collecting and transporting biomass (reeds, grass, bushes, small trees) on wetlands, especially these that are located in National Parks and Nature 2000 areas. The TVU is designed to work with different tool modules for cutting, shredding and transporting collected biomass on wetlands. Amphibian type of the TVU’s hulls allows for work in inlands water (rivers, lakes, canals).

One of the most important characteristics of transport systems is the reliability of their performance. Significant global efforts are being made in this direction, both by the relevant government structures, and individual transport operators. These efforts are justified because improvements in the sphere of safety and reliability entail considerable benefits to transport users (reducing the waiting time of passengers, improving the quality of service in general, increasing supply chains reliability level, etc.) and for operators offering such a service (higher level of competitiveness, more revenues, etc.). This article examines the nature, existing problems and opportunities for improvement of approaches and methods of analysis, evaluation and management of exploitation reliability (and respectively transport service quality) of transport systems.