International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Carbon adsorbents were synthesized from waste biomass through controlled carbonization and activation processes, aiming to develop sustainable materials for environmental applications. The produced carbons exhibited a well-developed porous structure and high specific surface area, as confirmed by textural characterization. These structural features contributed to enhanced adsorption capacities toward various water pollutants, including dyes, heavy metals, and organic contaminants. The adsorption mechanisms were mainly governed by surface interactions and pore diffusion, indicating strong affinity between the adsorbents and the target molecules. The use of renewable biomass as a precursor not only reduces production costs but also supports waste valorization and circular economy principles. Overall, the synthesized carbon materials demonstrate significant potential as efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly adsorbents for water purification and protection of aquatic ecosystems.

An innovative device and a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technology have been developed to produce porous composite materials by using two types of waste raw materials: residual biomass from agricultural production and municipal waste. Heattreated rice husk and ground waste glass were used as main components. The technological approach presented here allows for the preparation of “breathable” porous materials with the predominant presence of open pores and increased specific surface area. A promising possibility for the application of the developed materials is their use in bulk or in the preparation of various composite building elements based on inorganic binders. Recipes and an adequate technological regime have been developed taking into account the design characteristics of the production facility, the specificity of the waste raw materials used and the intended target performance of the products.