Materials Science. Non-Equilibrium Phase Transformations.
Vol. 11 (2025), Issue 1, pg(s) 27-29

The Interplay of Laser Metal Processing and Non-Equilibrium Phase Transformations

  • 1 Ship propulsion plants Department of the Faculty of Engineering Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy

Abstract

This comprehensive report explores the intricate relationship between modern laser metal processing techniques and the nonequilibrium phase transformations they induce in a wide range of materials. The central thesis is that methods such as laser cutting, welding, and additive manufacturing are not merely thermal processes, but rather precise engineering tools that fundamentally alter a material’s state by subjecting it to extreme conditions.

References

  1. trytaiga.com. "What is laser processing? Introduction of principles, typical processing machines, advantages and disadvantages"
  2. shenchong.com. "Laser Cutting Machine Temperature Problems: Causes, Effects, Solutions"
  3. tandfonline.com. "Full article: Recent advance in laser powder bed fusion of Ti–6Al–4V alloys: microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability - Taylor & Francis Online"
  4. e3s-conferences.org. "RETRACTED: Rapid Solidification Techniques for Metal Processing: Microstructure and Properties - E3S Web of Conferences"
  5. researchgate.net. "Effect of scanning speed on temperature gradient and cooling rate of molten pool."
  6. en.wikipedia.org. "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics - Wikipedia"
  7. cambridge.org. "Non-equilibrium phase transitions (Chapter 8) - Cambridge University Press"
  8. youtube.com. "Lecture 16: Equilibrium and non-equilibrium cooling - YouTube"
  9. slideshare.net. "Ttt cct diagrams | PPTX | Chemistry | Science"
  10. elearn.psgcas.ac.in. "Lecture 21 - TTT and CCT curves - Materials Science and Engineering Dr. Vivek Pancholi Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Indian Institute of"
  11. researchgate.net. "Modeling of rapid solidification in Laser Powder Bed Fusion processes - ResearchGate"
  12. scilit.com. "Study on the evolution mechanism of non-equilibrium solidification microstructure of AlSi10Mg alloy additive manufactured by LPBF | Scilit"
  13. youtube.com. "Coring microstructure resulting from non-equilibrium cooling - YouTube"
  14. adhmt.com. "Laser Cutting Machine Temperature: A Complete Guide"
  15. researchgate.net. "The effect of laser welding parameters on the grain structure distribution in the resultant weld | Request PDF - ResearchGate"
  16. scispace.com. "The Effect of Laser Power and Scan Speed on Melt Pool Characteristics of Pure Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Selective Laser M - SciSpace"
  17. researchgate.net. "The effects of the laser spot size, R 0 (t 1 5 s = . , = . v 0 008 m/s, τ = . 0 05 s q"
  18. volkov.eng.ua.edu. "Effect of the spot size on ionization and degree of plasma shielding in plumes induced by irradiation of a copper target by multiple short laser pulses"
  19. en.wikipedia.org. "Phase transition - Wikipedia"
  20. wpfiles.mines.edu. "Martensite in steel: strength and structure - Mines Files"
  21. researchgate.net. "(PDF) Effect of cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of microalloyed forging steel - ResearchGate"
  22. mdpi.com. "The Influence of Heat Treatment and Laser Alternative Surface Treatment Methods of Non-Alloy Steels: Review - MDPI"
  23. mdpi.com. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys Produced by Additive Technologies: New Approaches and Promising Areas of Research - MDPI"
  24. researchgate.net. "Laser Cladding of Ni-Based Superalloys | Request PDF - ResearchGate"
  25. mdpi.com. "Effect of the Laser Cladding Parameters on the Crack Formation and Microstructure during Nickel Superalloy Gas Turbine Engines Repair - MDPI"
  26. mdpi.com. "Effect of Tempering Time on the Microstructure and Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel"
  27. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. "The Influence of Thermomechanical Conditions on the Hot Ductility of Continuously Cast Microalloyed Steels - PMC"
  28. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. "A Review of the Evolution of Residual Stresses in Additive Manufacturing During Selective Laser Melting Technology - PMC - PubMed Central"
  29. researchgate.net. "Residual stress measurements in laser shock processed materials - ResearchGate"
  30. xometry.com. "Laser Cladding: Definition, Process, Types, Applications, and Features | Xometry"
  31. dierk-raabe.com. "Metallurgical Materials Science and Alloy Design - Martensite alloys and transformations"
  32. laserline.com. "Laser Additive Manufacturing: Metal Production | LASERLINE"
  33. megmeet-welding.com. "Laser Welding Technology: Evolution History & Future Trend"
  34. mdpi.com. "Special Issue: Non-equilibrium Phase Transitions - Entropy - MDPI"
  35. oxygenservicecompany.com. "Explaining Laser Welding | Oxygen Service Company"
  36. numberanalytics.com. "www.numberanalytics.com"
  37. virmer.com. "Metal laser cutting: operating principles and advantages"

Article full text

Download PDF