Machines. Technologies. Materials.
Vol. 19 (2025), Issue 3, pg(s) 105-109

MATERIALS

Classification of modern armor steels, history, material properties and heat treatment procedures

  • 1 Ege University, 35050, Izmir, Turkiye; Miilux Oy, 45030, Manisa, Turkiye
  • 2 Ege University, 35050, Izmir, Turkiye

Abstract

Modern armor steels are essential in safeguarding military and civilian assets from ballistic threats. This paper provides a comprehensive classification of contemporary armor steels, examining their material properties, including hardness, impact resistance, and the influence of chemical composition, particularly carbon equivalent (CE), on their performance. The classification considers chemical composition, alloying elements, and mechanical properties, with a focus on their ballistic effectiveness and suitability for various armored platforms. Additionally, the paper delves into the historical evolution of armor steel, tracing its origins from early military applications to the sophisticated alloys used today. It also highlights the importance of MIL-DTL specifications in establishing a standardized language for armor steel grades, ensuring uniformity in quality and performance across the defense sector. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of heat treatment procedures, such as quenching and tempering, in influencing the microstructure and mechanical properties of armor steels, directly affecting their resistance to penetration and impact. Through a review of armor steel classifications, historical context, and their technological advancements, this paper offers valuable insights into the ongoing efforts to improve the performance and reliability of armored materials.

Keywords

References

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