Machines. Technologies. Materials.
Vol. 19 (2025), Issue 3, pg(s) 114-118

MATERIALS

Force-Stroke Analysis of Metallic Materials using the Upper Bound Method

  • 1 Trakya University, Department of Mechanical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering, Edirne, Turkey
  • 2 Kirklareli University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kirklareli, Turkey

Abstract

All plastic deformation applied to metallic materials create a metal flow. The main factors affecting metal flow are the friction conditions between the metallic material and the mold. In addition upset forces are closely related to the geometric shapes of the metallic materials that changes deformation rates. It is possible to express the formation rates with mathematical approaches in shaping metallic materials. However obtaining these mathematical approaches can be done with very complex methods. Numerical and analytical expressions are generally used in the mathematical approaches. Some of the approaches applied to obtain more accurate results are slip lines methods, finite elements analysis, finite difference methods and Boundary element methods. In this study the upper bound method was applied for metallic materials. The force-stroke diagrams were obtained by the investigation of deformation energy and friction losses. The analyzed parts were prismatic specimen with arbitrary profiles and the results obtained were supported by graphics.

Keywords

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