SOCIETY
Ten facts about American policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict under President Joe Biden
- 1 Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland
Abstract
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict (originally Israeli-Arab conflict) has been of interest to the current and former American presidents. The long-agreed U.S. policy regarding finding a solution to the conflict – the two-state solution, through a series of decisions, has been undermined by Donald Trump. Joe Biden, the current American president, has reversed, frozen, and continued some of Trump’s decisions to establish a new Israeli-Palestinian conflict environment aimed at restarting negotiations between the conflicted parties. A comparative analysis of Trump’s and Biden’s approach towards the conflict strengthened by the analysis of a formal White House document allows for the presentation of the current administration’s policy towards the conflict and the actors of the conflict. In this paper I have presented an analysis of ten vital aspects of Biden’s policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict during his first term in office.
Keywords
References
- Zając Justyna, Środki i metody oddziaływania USA w bliskowschodnim procesie pokojowym (1991-2000), Wydawnictw Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 2005
- Bojko Krzysztof, Izrael a aspiracje Palestyńczyków 1987-2006, Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych, Warszawa 2006
- Huczko Maciej, Uwarunkowania polityki USA wobec konfliktu izraelsko-palestyńskiego w okresie intifad (1987-2005), Difin, Warszawa 2019
- Singh Michael, Biden;s Iran Dilemma, The Washington Institute for Near East Polcy, 2021 https://www.washingtoninshttps://www.thenationalnews.com/gulf-news/bahrain/2021/11/25/brett-mcgurk-us-going-back-to-basics-with-middle-east-policy/titute.org/policy-analysis/bidens-iran-dilemma
- Bohen Karen, Obama names Mitchell as Mideast envoy, Reuters, 2009, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-obama-envoys-idUSTRE50L6AK20090123
- Bojko Krzysztof, Góra Magdalena, Wybrane aspekty poityki Izraela, Stanów Zjednoczonych i Unii Europejskiej wobec palestyńskiej władzy narodowej, Księgarnia Akademicka, Kraków 2007
- Sasley Bretnt, The White House peace plan puts Israel’s concerns first – and shortcahes Palestinians, The Washington Post, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/01/30/white-house-peace-plan-puts-israels-concerns-first-shortchanges-palestinians/
- Sanchez Raf, Biden promised to reopen the Jerusalem consulate Trump closed. But can he?, NBC News, 2021, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/biden-promised-reopen-jerusalem-consulate-trump-closed-can-rcna4539
- McKernan Bathan, Biden upgrades US-Palestinian relations by naming special representative, The Guardian, 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/nov/23/biden-upgrades-us-palestinian-relations-by-naming-special-representative[10] The White House Office of Press Relations, President Biden Announces Two New Nita M. Lowey MEPPA Awards to Promote People-to-People Peacebuilding between Israelis and Palestinians in Health and Technology Sectors, 2022, https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/press-releases/jul-15- 2022-president-biden-announces-two-new-nita-m-lowey-meppa-awards-promote
- The White House Briefing Room, Remarks by President Biden and President Abbas of the Palestinian National Authority in Joint Press Statement, 2022, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2022/07/15/remarks-by-president-biden-and-president-abbas-of-the-palestinian-national-authority-in-joint-press-statement-bethlehem-west-bank/
- U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem, Diplomatic Reception Room, Statement by Former President Trump on Jerusalem, 2020, https://il.usembassy.gov/statement-by-president-trump-on-jerusalem/
- Pamuk Humeyra, Spetalnick Matt, Psaledakis Daphne, U.S. will move forward with reopening its Palestinian mission in Jerusalem -Blinken, Reuters, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-will-move-forward-with-reopening-its-palestinian-mission-jerusalem-blinken-2021-10- 13/
- Gadzo Mersiha, After Trump’s plan, what options do Palestinian leader have, Al Jazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/1/30/after-trumps-plan-what-options-do-palestinian-leaders-have
- The Associated Press, Blinken arrives in Israel to strengthen Gaza cease-fire, NBS News, 2021, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/blinken-arrives-israel-shore-gaza-cease-fire-n1268447
- Magid, Jacob, US slams slated settlement approvals: ‘Deeply damages prospect for 2 state solution, The times of Israel, 2022, https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-slams-slated-settlement-approvals-deeply-damages-prospect-for-2-state-solution/
- Lincoln B. Jonathan, Middle East Peace: The Biden Administration’s Approach, The RAND, 2022, https://www.rand.org/blog/2022/08/middle-east-peace-the-biden-administrations-approach.html
- Mearsheimer John and Walt Stephen, The Israel Lobby and US foreign Policy, Penguin, London, 2008[19] Diamond Jeremy, Bertrand Natasha, Biden embraces a signature Trump achievement on first trip to the Middle East, aiming to bring Israel and Saudi Arabia closer, CNN, 2022 https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/13/politics/joe-biden-israel-saudi-arabia-trip/index.html