Science. Business. Society.
Vol. 10 (2025), Issue 3, pg(s) 86-91

SOCIETY

Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Bulgaria – Sources, Trends and Reduction Priorities

  • 1 Technical University of Varna

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the emissions of greenhouse gases in Bulgaria. The main sectors contributing to greenhouse gas emissions are identified and analyzed. A comparison of net greenhouse gas emissions in the country with the EU average is made and the contribution of the different sectors is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector. Recommendations are formulated for measures for sustainable reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in Bulgaria in the context of achieving the country’s goals by 2030 for net greenhouse gas removals in this sector.

Keywords

References

  1. K. Rypdal, N. Paciornik, S. Eggleston, J. Goodwin, W. Irving, J. Penman, and M. Woodfield 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 1, General Guidance and Reporting,https://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/1_Vo lume1/V1_1_Ch1_Introduction.pdf Accessed 2025 July 7
  2. Bulgaria’s National Inventory Report 2024 – Submission under UNFCCC Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Bulgaria; https://old.eea.government.bg/bg/dokladi/BG_NIR_15April_2024.p df Accessed 2025 July 7
  3. Eurostat (2025), Domestic net greenhouse gas emissions, https://doi.org/10.2908/SDG_13_10, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sdg_13_10/default/ta ble?lang=en Accessed 2025 July 7
  4. European Parlament (2018), Amendment 81 Proposal for a regulation Annex II Regulation (EU) 2018/841 Annex IIa – table, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2022- 0233_EN.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com Accessed 2025 July 10
  5. Worldrainforests (2025), Deforestation statistics for Bulgaria, https://worldrainforests.com/deforestation/archive/Bulgaria.htm?ut m_source=chatgpt.com Accessed 2025 July 10
  6. NSI (2024), Statistical yearbook 2023, https://www.nsi.bg/file/17501/God2023.pdf Accessed 2025 July 10
  7. European Environment Agency (EEA) (2025), EU’s energy sector leads the way in cuts to greenhouse gas emissions in 2023, Press release, Published 16 Apr 2025 https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/newsroom/news/greenhouse-asemissions-in-2023 Accessed 2025 July 10
  8. Climate Change Laws of the World (2024), Bulgaria Updated Final National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030, Grantham Research Institute, https://climate-laws.org/documents/bulgariaupdated-final-national-energy-and-limate-plan-necp-2021-2030_ab59?l=bulgaria&id=bulgaria-updated-final-national-energyand-climate-plan-necp-2021- 2030_c0db Accessed 2025 July 10
  9. L. Jensen, (2023), Land use, land-use change and forestry, Members' Research Service, PE 754.625, European Parlament https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2023/7546 25/EPRS_ATA%282023%29754625_EN.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt. com Accessed 2025 July 10
  10. EUR-Lex (2018), Regulation (EU) 2018/841 of the European parliament and of the Council), Official Journal of the European Union, L 156/1, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/841/oj Accessed 2025 July 10
  11. Unated Nations, Climate Change Reporting and accounting of LULUCF activities under the Kyoto Protocol, https://unfccc.int/topics/land-use/workstreams/lulucf-under-thekyoto-protocol/reporting-and-accounting-of-lulucf-activities-underthe-kyoto-protocol Accessed 2025 July 10
  12. European Council, European Green Deal, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/european-green-deal/ Accessed 2025 July 8.
  13. Unated Nations (1998) Kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change, https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf Accessed 2025 July 7
  14. B. B. N Strassburg, A. Iribarrem, H. L. Beyer, et al. Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration. Nature 586, 724–729 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2784-9 Accessed 2025 July 7
  15. C. Girardin, S. Jenkins, N. Seddon, M. Allen, S. L. Lewis, C. Wheeler, B. Griscom, Y. Malhi (2021), Nature-based solutions can help cool the planet - if we act now. Nature. 2021 May; 593(7858):191-194. doi: 10.1038/d41586-021-01241-2. PMID: 33981055.
  16. European Parlament (2024), Reducing carbon emissions: EU targets and policies, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/bg/article/20170711STO795 06/promeni-v-klimata-roliata-na-ghorite-za-po-malko-parnikovighazove Accessed 2025 July 1
  17. European Parlament (2023), Climate change: better using EU forests as carbon sinks, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/bg/article/20170711STO795 06/promeni-v-klimata-roliata-na-ghorite-za-po-malko-parnikovighazove Accessed 2025 July 1
  18. EUR-Lex (2023), Regulation (EU) 2023/857 of the European Parliament and of the Council (2023), Official Journal of the European Union, L 111/1, https://eurlex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/857/oj Accessed 2025 July 1
  19. Global Forest Watch (2025), Tree cover loss in Bulgaria, https://www.globalforestwatch.org/map/country/BGR/?mainMap=e yJzaG93QW5hbHlzaXMiOnRydWV9&map=eyJjZW50ZXIiOnsib GF0Ijo0Mi45MTQ1NjIwMzA2MjM1OCwibG5nIjoyNS4wMDgw OTU5Mjc5OTcwMjZ9LCJ6b29tIjo3LjYwNzEyOTUyNjA1MTk1 OCwiY2FuQm91bmQiOmZhbHNlfQ%3D%3D&mapPrompts=eyJ vcGVuIjp0cnVlLCJzdGVwc0tleSI6InN1YnNjcmliZVRvQXJlYSJ9
  20. European Council (2015), Paris Agreement on climate change, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/paris-greementclimate/ Accessed 2025 July 1
  21. Eurostat Database, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/explore/all/all_themes?lan g=en&display=list&sort=category Accessed 2025 July 1
  22. J. Penman, M. Gytarsky, T. Hiraishi, T. Krug, D. Kruger, R. Pipatti, L. Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara, K. Tanabe and F. Wagner (2003), Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryPublished by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) for the IPCC, ISBN 4-88788-003-0, https://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf_files/G PG_LULUCF_FULL.pdf Accessed 2025 July 1.

Article full text

Download PDF