International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

This research will analyse the utilization of photovoltaic plant in a fruit storage facility to produce electricity for running the refrigerators to keep cool the fruit preservation in the Storage Facility. The building has two sets of refrigerators with a power of 18.2 kW each. Firstly, the work analysis deals with the convenience of installing a Photovoltaic Plant to produce electricity for supplying the refrigerators. Secondly, implementing energy efficiency measures such as adding a new layer of insulation to the walls has been analysed. Result analysis shows that the return of investment by the installation of Photovoltaic plant is less convenient compared to that of a thermal insulation layer on the interior sites. In conclusion, it has been decided to implement only thermal insulation as energy efficiency measures to this facility where the saving is about 15% of electricity consumption per year. Given that the saving in one year is 3069kWh and the cost of electricity is 0.09 EUR/kWh, the savings in monetary value is 276 EUR /year.

Bees are highly sensitive to noise pollution and in some cases, noise can impact their behaviour. Towards the goal to create optimal living conditions for the bees, we aim to understand how the material of the beehive impacts the microclimate of the beehive. The present paper aims to examine and compare the noise levels inside beehives of the same construction but made out of different materials. Three 10-frame Dadan-Blatt beehives were used in the experiment – a ceramic beehive made out of high-cavity ceramic tiles of marl clay; a ceramic beehive made out of high-cavity ceramic tiles with increased kaolin content and a wooden beehive (pine). The noise was measured in an urbanized area and inside the beehives. The results show that the best performance in terms of noise insulation is the ceramic beehive with increased kaolin content.

Soil microbiology is highly linked with the microorganisms and their particular activities regarding the growth of plants and yield while taking a part of the nitrogen cycle which is an important component in the providing of nutrients for the growth of plants. In the case of atmospheric nitrogen fixation, organic matter decomposition and releasing of some bio-chemical enzymes are the important factors regarding the growth of plants and roots. In generally, the microorganisms are categorized into a few of specific groups while considering their biological features and behaviors such as bacteria, viruses, fungus and algae. When considering the main role of microorganisms can do in the soil is the increasing of soil fertility while improving the soil structure, increasing the plant tolerance and providing of a self protection against the diseases of plants. According to the agricultural practices, the great diversity of microorganisms plays a few of important roles in the maintaining of the equilibrium of the soil and plant including the top soil which provides habitations for a large number of microbial communities.

Korça region is characterised by diverse agro-ecology and it is considered as one of the richest crop genetic resource centres for food and agriculture in Albania, but not all this richness has a continuity on cultivation and usage. Many of these species are well adapted to specific regions, to various environmental stresses and have often developed their unique characteristics, good resistance to abiotic and biotic factors common diseases and pests. They have a high potential for providing food, and nutritional security to support local food system transformation and contribute to the diversity and stability of agro-ecosystems and the diversification of agriculture. As a result, some of them are endangered, and to be lost in the near future. Encourages of their cultivation can provide a promising approach towards ensuring substantial household security and the diversification of agriculture. In his paper are indicated at least 31 crop species that are neglected or underutilized in Korça region, which can be included as future smart foods, and may contribute on diversification of food and cultivated crops.

In order to establish the irrigation regime of pepper variety “Gold Medal”, grown in plastic unheated greenhouses in the Chelopechene experimental field, Sofia district, irrigation options were tested from fully satisfying the water needs of the crop /100% irrigation rate/ to irrigation with 20% and with a 30% increase in irrigation rates. A water-saving irrigation technology is used. The highest yield of 4879 kg/dka was obtained when using 130% irrigation rate, followed by the variant with 120% irrigation rate – 4460 kg/dka on average for the research period. The yield in the variant irrigated by class “A” evaporation pan, approaches the yield obtained in the variant with 100% implementation of the irrigation rate.

To determine the evapotranspiration of the pepper, variety “Golden Medal” grown in plastic unheated greenhouses in an experimental test field in Chelopechene, Sofia region, irrigation options were tested from fully satisfying the crop’s water needs to 20% and 30% increased irrigation of irrigation rates and a variant irrigated with 100% irrigation rate. An environmentally friendly and watersaving irrigation technique was used. The evapotranspiration of the culture and the evaporation from a free water surface were experimentally determined. Based on the calculated values of evapotranspiration and evaporation from a free water surface (evaporation) determined by a class “A” evaporation pan, the values of the biological coefficient of the culture in unheated plastic greenhouses were calculated, and the average for the vegetation period of pepper is 1.35.

Researchers monitor rivers and springs to predict what part of the water resources to use for irrigation for industry, drinking needs to maintain ecosystems. The main task of the scientific staff is to monitor and control the water quantities coming out freely from natural caverns, rock crevices, free-flowing rivers and springs. The measurements of kinematic quantities, can serve not only for the quantitative evaluation of the runoff, but also for the verification of the theoretically derived hydraulic dependencies in the different forms of water movement. When determining the water quantities, observations of the runoff are carried out, as well as the measured parameters can serve to play an important role in the construction of water management facilities

The influence of compost from grandma’s teeth (Tribulus spp.) оn the distribution of main groups of microorganisms in two soil types – Alluvial – meadow and Cinnamon forest soils was tested. Three levels of fertilization were applied, and soil microorganisms were reported on days 15, 30 and 45 after compost application. It was found that the most suitable for expression of soil biological activity is the introduction of compost in the content of 5% -10%.

The research was performed in 2019-2020 LAMMC at Rumokai Experimental Station of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. The soil was calcaric luvisol, the granulometric composition was a silt loam on clay Winter wheat, after resumption of vegetation fertilized UAN-32 (control), Leader 24-6 and KAS-32 + Thio-Sul (N12S26). Nitrogen active substance: 60 + 60 + 30. Mineral nitrogen in the soil was investigated twice: during the grain milk stage of wheat and after harvest. In the grain milk stage in 2019 Leader 24-6 reduced mineral nitrogen by 6.7-47.6 %, UAN-32 + Thio-Sul – 21.6-28.7 %. 2020 – 58.0-42.3 % and 26.3-19.8 % (depending on the number of uses). After harvesting, mineral nitrogen was found in the fields where sulfur fertilizers were used 5.13-49.2 % less than in the control fields. The use of Thio-Sul had a positive effect on protein content.

This is a review of the groups of factors influencing the quality of the main and pre-sowing tillage of the soil for growing tomatoes – soil-climatic, technological.
The paper performs an analysis of the a priori information and from the conducted experimental researches the connection between the separate factors and the quality for performing the basic and pre-sowing treatment of the soil for growing tomatoes was established.

The protection of soils and waters is an extremely important issue for humanity. The main task to be done by the scientific staff is to monitor and control the water quantities leaving the water management facilities. Measurements of kinematic quantities can be used not only for quantitative assessment of runoff, but also for verification of theoretically derived hydraulic dependency in different forms of water movement. They are the basis for experimental determination of a number of theoretically introduced coefficients measurement of the hydraulic quantities determining them. Hydro metric measurement of non-pressure currents is a specific activity that has gained wide application around the world. When determining the water quantities, observations of the river outflow are made, also the measured parameters can be used for other engineering tasks in the construction of hydro technical facilities.[1]

Irrigation plays a key role in growing vegetable crops. The efficiency of irrigation is expressed in obtaining optimal yields in terms of quantity and quality. The use of water resources should be water and energy saving in order to reduce the costs of vegetable production and to be environmentally friendly. The main criteria for assessing the effectiveness of irrigation are the total and additional net incomes. In order to meet the set requirements for irrigation, the best effect is obtained by applying drip irrigation. When growing tomatoes, the value of the irrigation system is redeemed in the first year for areas over 5 dka, for areas below 5 dka it takes 2 years. Drip irrigation of tomatoes has shown that the frequency and size of irrigation rates affect the weight, diameter and length of the fruit, their number and hardness.