International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Cyber warfare nowadays is a new and very important concept of the modern world. After land, sea, air and space, the war has entered the fifth dimension: cyberspace. Some computer glitches or attacks paralyze military e-mail systems, refineries and pipelines explode, air traffic control systems collapse, trains derail, financial data gets misdirected, power grids damaged, satellites go out of control. Worst of all, the identity of the aggressor remains a mystery. The effects of a cyber war are similar to those of a nuclear attack. This requires protective measures and security for the information that circulates in these communication systems and networks and constitutes one of the challenges of today’s time. Threats to communication and information systems have made cyber defense in the field of homeland security an element that must be taken into consideration.

Sensitive information is information, in whatever form, including software, the unauthorized disclosure, modification, alteration, destruction, or denial of use of which could compromise nuclear security. Confidentiality is the property that information is not made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities or processes. Information security not only includes ensuring the confidentiality of information, but also includes ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the information (its integrity) and the accessibility or usability of the information on demand (its availability).

The possibility that nuclear or other radioactive material could be used for malicious purposes cannot be ruled out in the current global situation. Operators have responded to this risk by engaging in a collective commitment to strengthen the protection and control of such material and to effectively respond to nuclear security events. Nuclear security is fundamental in the management of nuclear technologies and in applications where nuclear or other radioactive material is used or transported. Identification of vital areas is an important step in the process of protecting against sabotage. Vital area identification (VAI) is the process of identifying the areas in a nuclear facility around which protection will be provided in order to prevent or reduce the likelihood of sabotage.

Climate change is causing disasters such as floods, whirlwinds, storms, drought, or other extreme weather events that have not yet occurred in certain areas of the world or have not occurred to such an extent and intensity as it is happening now or is predicted in the foreseeable future. Government and, in particular, crisis management system should reflect these facts in order to prepare itself and the population on such events. People should also be interested in preparing for and adapting to these changes and related crisis events. The aim of the article is to examine preparedness of the population in the Slovak Republic and, in particular, to analyse the barriers to climate change adaptation of the population. For the analysis are used the questionnaire survey results on this topic. The initial results indicate the influence of the population by various barriers and factors.

The material presents a standard scheme of a multimodule multi-position security system and offers an approach for managing the information exchange in it, taking into account the specific location and condition of the individual modules and the functional relationships between them.

The biosphere as a physical space in which there is life, including human life, is quantitatively characterized by population quantities. The population can be described by certain physical laws in thermodynamic approximation with the application of the notion of entropy. Entropy is a term not only purely physical but also universal. It is a criterion for the description of the evolution and development of the unique Biosphere-Human system. The development of human societies as a part component of the Biosphere is subject to the transformations that are the result of technical developments and the technical-scientific revolution in general. These anthropogenic activities lead to the negative effects upon the Biosphere with the accumulations of pollutants both in the atmosphere and in the system as a whole. The entropy of the Biosphere component as a result of the accumulation of pollutants changes over time. Human physical , ecological and social health is at risk, with the further development of pathological states and human health problems. The entropy of the human component is increasing and the entropy of the Biosphere is decreasing, respectively. The decrease in Biosphere entropy is dictated by the disappear of many species of plants and animals as a consequence of the ecological problem. It is necessary to mention that the steady state and the equilibrium state have different meanings. The steady state is described by a very complex stage under the action of multiple factors with a tendency to stabilize parameters that do not vary over time and the system components “adapt” to these stabilized numerical values such as ambient temperature, pressure and constant amounts of species of animals and plants. The equilibrium state is an idea lized case of the system which from a purely thermodynamic point of view is described by maximum entropy. This paper shows that the human entropy increases at the expense of the decreasing of biosphere entropy, a fact of the universal principle of the conservation of energy. The increase in human entropy results to the instability and risk with self-destructive tendencies unless the steady state is not assured. The mechanisms for the obtaining of the steady state are complex and can be based on some rules and principles at a global level with tendencies to use nontraditional energy sources and of the waste recycling with effects of reducing of the accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere.

The protection of nuclear installations against malicious acts can take a number of different forms. This report addresses only issues related to the sabotage of nuclear facilities – prevention or mitigation of sequences initiated by malicious acts that may have potential radiological consequences. Nuclear power plants have good physical protection systems (PPSs) and procedures, and they are designed to minimize the likelihood of an accident and in the event of an accident, not to release radioactive material in an uncontrolled manner. The objective of this report is to provide methods for evaluating and for proposing corrective actions aimed at reducing the risk related to any malicious act that, directed against a nuclear power plant, could endanger the health and safety of plant personnel, the public and the environment.

The material offers a description of a type of system for counteracting large groups of low-flying targets, established at the Institute of Metal Science, equipment, and technologies with Center for Hydro- and Aerodynamics “Acad. A. Balevski” at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences-BAS. Data on its structure, the main tactical and technical characteristics and functions of its main modules and some test results are presented.

In the paper the Author examines some highlighted elements that related to Air Power, however these usually are not merely Air Power specific attributes. Also, they cannot be, because one of the utmost priority of Multi-Domain approach is to unify, almost melt the services or components together. The highlighted topics of the paper are an envisioned command and control system, the Air Force roles in MDO and targeting considerations.

In the presented research, the theoretical basis is constructivism and critical geopolitics. In the face of the intensifying US-Chinese rivalry, the main theater of which is the Pacific, the question arises about New Zealand’s position of other small and micro states in the Pacific towards this rivalry. While trying to understand what policies are pursued by the states of this Pacific region in the face of the American-Chinese rivalry, a deep dichotomy and ambivalence of attitudes among small states were noticed. At the same time, it was indicated that it is cultural factors and language, mental and consciousness processes that have a profound impact on shaping the policy of states within the framework set by geopolitics.

The leading motives for perpetrators’ escapes are self-affirmation, self-preservation, identification, increase of self-esteem, achievement of retribution and justice. The precise psychological analysis of the motives for the escapes favours their forecasting, timely crossing and termination. The sustainable motives for the realization of escapes are connected with serious conspiratorial activity. Situational motives for escape are inherent in impulsive and primary personalities.

National Laboratory for Security Technologies is a national research centre for integrated research and innovation programmes in the three pillars of technology-based security (institutional security, smart-city security and border security) for the period 2020-2024 in Hungary. Basic research concluded in the framework of the “Secure Country – Secure Border” sub-project has identified the need of new methods and equipment for police during the period of temporary reintroduction of border control at the Schengen internal borders. Persons and their vehicles belong to the risk category on the road sections leading to internal borders can be tracked, selected and diverted with the use of an Automated Vehicle Divert (AVD) system. In the longer term, the system will be linked to the concept of the “safe country” by the further development of an integrated software system for analysing data from CCTV camera systems operating at toll, speedand border crossing points throughout Hungary, based on the vehicle registration number and characteristics while driving, and its integration with the AVD system.