International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Despite the efforts of the world community to limit global warming by reducing the greenhouse gas emissions emitted by societies, studies show that the levels continue to rise, and this hides a number of consequences for people’s lives. The European Union, with its 8% share of generated global emissions, is not among the leaders in emitting harmful greenhouse gases, but it is among the leaders in pursuing a systematic and strict policy of climate neutrality. A European Climate Act for a green transition was introduced in 2021, setting a binding target for EU countries of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, with an intermediate target of 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. The purpose of this report is to follow the policy of the Union, the state and trends in the field of energy from renewable sources and energy efficiency and the participation of Bulgaria in the progress towards achieving the set goals.

The article focuses on issues related to the assessment and interpretation of existing data on crisis events in the context of transport infrastructure. In the face of global climate change, analyzing these data becomes increasingly complex and requires in-depth consideration. The main challenges the paper addresses include the lack of comprehensive and up-to-date data, limited opportunities to analyze causal relationships between climate events and their impact on transport infrastructure, and shortcomings in existing analysis methodologies. The authors call for the development of new, more efficient methods of data collection and analysis that can serve as a basis for future strategic decisions.

The Green Transition, aiming for a sustainable and eco-friendly future, plays a crucial role in ensuring societal security. As the world grapples with climate change and environmental degradation, the Green Transition offers a pathway to address these challenges while fostering societal cohesion and resilience. In Bulgaria, the Green Transition is not just an environmental endeavor but also a means to counter disinformation narratives and foreign authoritarian influence. This paper examines Bulgaria’s efforts in the Green Transition, its implications for societal security, and the challenges and opportunities it presents.

The article presents an in-depth analysis of the data related to the assessment of the impact of climate change on the road infrastructure in Bulgaria. It is necessary to systematically collect, store, and analyze territorial data on the dynamics of changes in various climatic factors such as temperature, snow cover, precipitation, winds, etc. The article examines the main sources of such information in Bulgaria, their limitations, and shortcomings. Identifying the needs and weaknesses in finding usable data is an important step on the way to building a strategy to solve this task.

Climate changes are having an increasingly strong impact on the sustainability and safety of the road infrastructure in Bulgaria. This paper analyzes how changes in climatic conditions over the last three decades affect the condition and functioning of the road network. The aim is to identify critical factors and propose methodological guidelines for design and maintenance that include adaptive strategies to address climate risks. The work emphasizes the need for a complex multidisciplinary approach combining scientific research, strategic planning, and practical implementation.

Erasmus+ Programme is a European education and mobility initiative that provides exchange opportunities for students, PhD students, teachers and staff between different universities and educational institutions in Europe. Through the Erasmus program, students have the opportunity to enrich their knowledge and gain deeper knowledge in a field that interests them. In addition, they have the opportunity to spend a period of their education in another country where they can become familiar with a new culture, language and educational system.

The National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the “Transport” sector until 2030 was developed in the period 2017 – 2019. After 4 years in the conditions of several overlapping crises, the recommendations contained in the document on main adaptation measures relating to institutional capacity building have not started. This is observed against the background of activity from a number of countries that are looking for models to assess the sensitivity of the transport infrastructure to climate events and, from there, measures to achieve sustainability and adaptability in the medium term. The article analyzes the problems of backwardness in Bulgaria and offers recommendations for increasing the participation of all interested participants in the transport sector.

The National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NCCAS) for the “Transport” sector until 2030 was developed in the period 2017 – 2019. After 4 years in the context of several overlapping crises, the recommendations contained in the main adaptation measures document have largely not been implemented even in the initial phase. Those recommending the review and updating of legislation regarding adaptation to climate change were not subject to optimization. The article analyzes the problem of lagging behind in Bulgaria in relation to supplementing the standards and presents ideas for methodological approaches through which adaptation measures can be implemented in the design and maintenance of the road infrastructure.

The main sources of green energy (GE) as the cleanest form of energy or types of renewable energy sources (RES) are: wind, water, sun and earth. While the world, especially in the most developed countries of the world, has advanced far in the application of various forms of green energy (GE), in Georgia this field is in its infancy and it is not possible to predict when the first major positive developments in this field will be made. The paper presents the forecast and trend analysis of the use of green energy (GE) in Georgia until 2040. According to the data on the plans of the state authorities of Georgia for the development and use of various forms of green energy (GE), the highest forecast growth of the development of these types of energy is expected in the field of wind energy (WE) until 2025 with a value of
CAGR of 154.82 [%].

It is very important to know the trends related to the structure and condition of the vehicle fleet, to be able to predict the structure of the vehicle fleet in the future. In Montenegro, it is noticed that there is a constant increase in the number of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). The share of BEVs in the vehicle fleet of Montenegro is too small to have any significant impact on CO2 emissions as well as the power system. The pandemic COVID-19 virus had a great impact on the number of registered as well as the number of newly registered vehicles. Practically, in 2020, the year of the pandemic, only an increase in the number of BEVs was recorded. It is very worrying that the number of vehicles using diesel fuel is increasing, which can be a complicating factor in efforts to reduce the negative impact of road traffic on the environment.

In today’s demanding market environment the companies need to deliver high quality product to their customers and in parallel to maintain an ergonomic workplace for their employees to increase the productivity. The purpose of this paper is determination of the personal noise exposure level caused by the machines and equipment installed in all organization units in an auto part production plant. The noise level was measured and analysed with noise measurements equipment – dosimeters and software tool at 25 measurement points across the plant. In addition, the strength between the variables, noise levels and concentration, is presented with correlation coefficient.

Sediment microbial fuel cells are relatively new devices, originally designed to generate electricity from the degradation of organic matter in the soil by microorganisms. Currently, SMFC-based biosensors are attracting scientific interest as new and promising devices for rapid real-time monitoring of water quality and water pollutants. Compared with conventional biosensors, SMFC-based biosensors show advantages such as low cost, simple design, and the possibility of IN SITU operation and self-powered monitoring. SMFCbased biosensors are expected to be used for remote environmental monitoring, therefore evaluating their long-term performance is crucial for their usability. In this paper, we present new data needed to establish the long-term performance of SMFC based biosensors. The present study presents the effect of various environmental factors such as temperature, pH and microbial activity on the performance and effectiveness of the SMFC based biosensor for monitoring water contaminated with heavy metals. The results show stable long-term performance of these devices under various environmental conditions.