Trans Motauto World
Vol. 10 (2025), Issue 2

Table of Contents

  • TRANSPORT TECHNICS. INVESTIGATION OF ELEMENTS. RELIABILITY

    • Reliability and Resilience of the Railway System

      pg(s) 39-42

      The European railway network is undergoing modernization through investments in interoperable and signalling systems such as ETCS. At the same time, the simplification of infrastructure introduces new risks concerning its availability. This paper focuses on the reliability and resilience of the railway system in the face of extraordinary events such as natural disasters, accidents, cyber threats, or planned closures. It highlights how even a small number of outages can completely paralyze the network. The authors explore the railway’s ability to respond swiftly, reroute traffic effectively, and maintain uninterrupted transport. The aim is to ensure that railways can continue to serve as the backbone of the transport system even under crisis conditions.

    • Numerical simulation and assessment of interior thermal comfort in a passenger vehicle using full-cloud CAE simulation software SimScale

      pg(s) 43-46

      This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of the interior thermal comfort conditions of a typical passenger vehicle using computational fluid dynamics tools embedded in the full-cloud CAE simulation software SimScale. The analysis evaluates airflow patterns, temperature distributions, and thermal comfort indices under constant summer conditions. A 3D model of the vehicle is utilized and appropriate boundary conditions are defined to simulate realistic operation of the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning systems. To assess passenger satisfaction with the thermal conditions inside the vehicle, the Predicted Mean Vote parameter, which is embedded in the software, is employed. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of accessible, cloud-based CFD platforms for optimizing thermal comfort in the early stages of vehicle interior design, allowing for simulations under specific and realistic conditions.

    • Study on the Additional Ballistic Protection for Military Transport Helicopters

      pg(s) 47-50

      The article presents a comprehensive study on the enhancement of ballistic protection for the consumption fuel tank of the Mi-171 transport helicopter, which is deployed in conflict zones across various countries. The study examines the helicopter’s critical areas, evaluates the levels of ballistic protection, and proposes solutions for augmenting the consumption fuel tank’s protection against firing. Three variants of potential ballistic protection are suggested, utilizing commercially available armours: steel Hardox 450, aluminium alloy Al 7039, and titanium alloy Ti-6AL-4V. The analysis is conducted using the Ansys Workbench software, aiming to determine the required thickness of homogeneous armour to achieve ballistic level 2 according STANAG 4569, capable of withstanding penetration by 7.62 39 API BZ ammunition. The study estimates the ballistic limit thickness necessary to prevent perforation of the ballistic protection panel. The simulation procedure and the material models of the armours employed are thoroughly described. Additionally, the study evaluates the weight of the protection system to identify the material with the minimum weight, thereby preserving aircraft performance. Notably, the use of titanium alloy and steel results in the greatest reduction in the weight of the protective system, with their masses being nearly identical. In contrast, the aluminum alloy exhibits a mass that is approximately 11% higher. A method for installing the armours on the helicopter is also proposed. The findings of this study are valuable for analysing airframe structures that face ballistic threats during military operations or terrorist attacks. Proposals for further refinement and a shooting experiment are discussed to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of the protection solutions.

    • Control System Concept for an Omnidirectional Mobile Platform: Modeling and Design Aspects

      pg(s) 51-55

      This paper presents a comprehensive concept for the control system of a four-wheeled omnidirectional mobile platform equipped with mecanum wheels, intended for industrial applications under the Industry 4.0 paradigm. The platform is modeled both kinematically and dynamically, with a nonlinear rigid-body formulation that incorporates Coriolis effects and rolling resistance. Particular attention is paid to the challenges arising from strong coupling between translational and rotational motion. To overcome the limitations of conventional control methods in complex and dynamic environments, a reinforcement learning strategy based on an actor–critic architecture is proposed. The agent is trained in a virtual warehouse scenario using simulated lidar data as sensory input, allowing it to learn effective policies for collision-free navigation. The continuous action space is mapped to wheel angular velocities through scaled hyperbolic tangent activations, enabling direct and fine-grained control of the platform. The proposed control system is designed for modularity, robustness, and scalability, making it a promising candidate for autonomous logistics and adaptive robotic applications in smart manufacturing environments.

  • TRANSPORT. SAFETY AND ECOLOGY. LOGISTICS AND MANAGEMENT

    • Utilization of Fiducial Markers in Transportation Systems

      pg(s) 56-59

      Fiducial markers can serve multiple functions within transportation systems, particularly in the realms of navigation, localization, and automation. These markers can be instrumental in aiding autonomous vehicles such as drones and unmanned ground vehicles in navigating complex environments. By providing precise localization points, fiducial markers enable vehicles to ascertain their positions relative to markers. They are employed in high-precision docking tasks within automated transportation systems, and can be adapted for parking assistance systems. In urban transportation systems, fiducial markers can be deployed to monitor traffic and guide autonomous vehicles. Strategically placed markers on roads or intersections can provide precise location and orientation data to autonomous vehicles, thereby facilitating precise, efficient, and safe navigation. This study investigates the potential use of fiducial markers in transportation systems and introduces a novel marker, 6D Localization Code, along with its sample applications adaptable for transportation.

    • Transforming the Energy Landscape: The Role of Emerging Firms in Shaping a Sustainable Future

      pg(s) 60-65

      A significant transformation is underway, driven by the rise of new companies that challenge traditional energy models and bring forth innovative technologies and business strategies. These innovative companies are leading the way in advancing cleaner, more sustainable energy systems. They concentrate on renewable energy generation, energy storage, smart grid technologies, and enhancing energy efficiency. By decentralizing energy production and offering customer-focused solutions, these companies are reshaping the way energy is produced, distributed, and consumed. This article explores how these new players are not only contributing to global sustainability goals by reducing carbon emissions but also creating economic opportunities, such as job creation and attracting investment in the clean energy sector. Despite the promising benefits, these firms face significant challenges, including regulatory hurdles, competition from established players, and financial constraints. Overcoming these barriers will require coordinated efforts from policymakers, industry leaders, and investors to create an environment conducive to innovation. Ultimately, the ongoing evolution of the energy sector presents an opportunity to build a more resilient, efficient, and sustainable energy system for the future.

    • The role of the instutional environment in the innovative entrepreneurial ecosystem

      pg(s) 66-68

      An entrepreneurial ecosystem can be defined as a national or international network of public and private organizations that combine efforts to create new companies and ensure their success by offering them access to knowledge, capital, markets and resources. This motivates companies to invest their profits in the same ecosystem, which in turn creates economic wealth and develops industries. In addition to creating more competitive and efficient markets and improving the user experience, entrepreneurial ecosystems in information and communication technologies are mainly focused on innovation, the creation of new business models, products and services.
      The EU4Digital program has developed a framework to establish and strengthen ICT entrepreneurial ecosystems in the six Eastern Partnership countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine); this will be done through a roadmap that assesses the technological readiness of each country and provides recommendations for ecosystem development for these countries.
      The Georgian ecosystem has undergone significant and rapid changes in recent years. One of its main directions is the startup ecosystem.
      The current situation can be characterized by great attention and interest in startups and the development of the startup ecosystem.
      Even though Georgia’s development processes are transforming in the right way, there are a number of challenges that have to be overcome in order to build up a world-class startup ecosystem.
      The paper uses the results of the research conducted by one of the co-authors in this direction, in which was formulated the definition of a
      spatial innovative entrepreneurial ecosystem, and was determined the role of the institutional environment in ensuring its sustainable
      development.

    • Application Of The Pc Crash Software Package In The Analysis Of Digital Tachograph Records

      pg(s) 69-71

      This paper explores the application of the PC-Crash software package in the field of traffic accident reconstruction, with a particular focus on the analysis of digital tachograph records. Digital tachographs are modern tools used to automatically record key driving parameters, including speed, driver working hours, and distance traveled. They play a significant role in both traffic monitoring and the reconstruction of traffic accidents. PC-Crash, on the other hand, is one of the leading software solutions for simulating and analyzing traffic accidents, enabling precise reconstruction of events based on input parameters. This paper examines the use of PC-Crash software in the processing and interpretation of digital tachograph data, with the aim of enhancing the accuracy of analyzes and the objectivity of traffic incident reconstructions. The results demonstrate that the combined use of digital tachograph data and PC-Crash software significantly improves the reliability of reconstructions, which is of great importance to the judiciary, law enforcement, and traffic safety professionals.

    • Comparative analysis of devices for performing traffic accident reconstruction

      pg(s) 72-77

      In the paper, various approaches to measuring and documenting traffic accident investigations were analysed: traditional measuring wheels and modern motion sensor – based measuring devices. The research showed that motion sensor – based measuring devices, specifically “Moasure One Pro” device, provide significant advantages in precision, speed and efficiency in conducting investigations compared to traditional measuring wheels. The time required to conduct the investigation was significantly shorter with the motion sensor – based measuring devices, while data transfer to software applications such as “AutoCAD” and “PC – Crash” was almost instantaneous. In conclusion, the introduction of advanced technologies into everyday practice can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of traffic accident investigations.