International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

In many cases, the importance of electromagnetic fields or the so-called “electromagnetic smog” on human health, living organisms, and the environment is ignored or at least minimized. The electromagnetic field (EMF) is a combination of invisible electric and magnetic fields with charge that occur in nature. Today, the impact of electromagnetic fields on the environment is increasing from human activities with the development and application of telecommunication technologies. Measurement, continuous monitoring, database creation, and evaluation of electromagnetic field parameters in urban environments are important aspects of optimizing EMF levels to achieve a healthy living environment. The paper presents an analysis and evaluation of electromagnetic radiation measurements from base stations of mobile operators, at one site, in a lightly urbanized urban environment over a certain time interval. Initial measurements showed exceeding the levels of electromagnetic emissions according to national legislation. During the repeated measurements, it was found that mobile operators, after correcting the radiation from base station antennas, have brought the radiation levels within the permissible limits. This underscores the necessity of ongoing monitoring.

Aluminum alloys are critical in industries such as aerospace and automotive due to their lightweight, strength, and corrosion resistance. Optimizing their properties is challenging and benefits from advanced predictive tools. This paper explores the use of mathematical modeling in understanding and designing aluminum alloys. Techniques like thermodynamic modeling (e.g., CALPHAD), phase transformation kinetics, and mechanical property simulations are reviewed. Computational methods, including finite element analysis and machine learning, are highlighted for their roles in alloy design and manufacturing, such as casting and additive manufacturing. Comparisons between model predictions and experimental results demonstrate accuracy and limitations. Applications in optimizing material properties and improving manufacturing processes are discussed. By accelerating alloy development and enabling tailored properties, mathematical modeling emerges as a transformative tool, advancing aluminum alloy research and driving innovation across industries.

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metal structures is transforming industries by enabling the creation of complex, efficient, and customizable components. This article explores key AM technologies for metals, including Powder Bed Fusion (PBF), Directed Energy Deposition (DED), Binder Jetting, Metal Extrusion, and Sheet Lamination. Each is analyzed in terms of principles, strengths, limitations, and applications. A comparative evaluation highlights factors like precision, scalability, cost, and environmental impact to identify optimal technologies for various industries. Despite its advantages, challenges remain in material quality, process reliability, cost, and certification. Emerging trends such as hybrid manufacturing, AI-driven process optimization, advanced materials, and sustainable practices hold promise for overcoming these barriers. By examining current technologies and future opportunities, this article provides valuable insights for advancing metal AM in diverse applications.