International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

During childbirth, a technique called manual perineal protection (MPP) is often used to prevent injuries of relevant tissues. The obstetrician uses his (or her) hand to apply certain forces at the perineum in order to decrease its excessive loading during child delivery. Amount of applied forces as well as the correct posture of the obstetrician during the MPP technique are based so far on the experiences and approach of the obstetrician himself (or herself). In order to assess the role of obstetrician and in order to optimize the MPP technique, mathematical models may be of use. This work presents a combination of both experimental measurement and mathematical modeling. In the experimental part, a unique device is developed to measure forces applied by obstetrician during real child delivery. In the modeling part, the obstetrician is represented with an active musculoskeletal human body model in an AnyBody Modeling System software. Providing forces and muscle activities of the model may lead to the assessment and optimization of the MPP technique.

Motorcycle accidents with opposite vehicles are among the most difficult to reconstruct due to complicated kinematics and interactions between multiple participants. The Multi-Body System approach commonly applied in software packages as PC-Crash and Virtual-Crash, allows for proper reconstruction of the crash kinematics but did not take into account the full deformation of the vehicles and occupants. On the other hand, the Finite Element Method approach, especially the explicit formulation, used in the field of crashworthiness gives a way to describe the proper material behavior of the participant components during dynamic events. For the analysis of the accident, the full FEM approach becomes too complicated and time-consuming (both for preparation of the simulation and for the simulation run). The authors would like to propose a hybrid approach which couples and FEM and MBS models in VPS numerical environment (Pam-crash solver). This paper presents an analysis of the accident between the maxi-scooter and the opposite vehicle. As the representation of the PTW driver, a Virthuman hybrid human body model was used. This model in opposition to full FEM models allows the fast calculation of the simulation. Besides the kinematics of the accident, prescribed injury criteria were assessed on the human body model.

The aim of this work is the implementation of the virtual hybrid human body model Virthuman into the pedestrian traffic collision scenarios. The pedestrians are the most vulnerable traffic road users and they are exposed to a high risk and suffer with serious injuries and responsible for high number of death and injuries. The interest of the study of simulation of a car crash accident is motivated by the effort to decrease these numbers. The authors use a virtual model of the full human body called Virthuman here. This model was built based on combination of two modelling approaches, particularly multibody and finite element. Such method is call a hybrid approach and keeps advantages of both principles. The model was fully validated against published experimental data (particular body segment tests as well as full body tests) and was successfully used in the number of applications. The purpose of this paper is to present the model as a suitable tool for pedestrian collision modelling and injury risk assessment. Besides the description of the model, the examples of the application towards pedestrian safety are going to be presented here.