International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Oxygen levels in the cellular microenvironment, particularly under hypoxic conditions, play an active regulatory role in modulating cellular function, signaling pathways, and metabolic networks. A radically new concept for sensing the oxygen concentration at the extracellular liquid microenvironment was developed, based on nanoconfined upconversion optical sensors. The experimental achievements in developing technologically applicable strategies for minimally invasive monitoring of the oxygen concentration in cell microenvironment will be presented and discussed.