International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Perennials are an important strategic sector for agriculture in Bulgaria. In order to obtain good results from their cultivation, a scientifically based system for the maintenance of the soil surface is needed. Existing technologies have been analyzed to support the selection of an appropriate soil maintenance system. The size of the agricultural holdings in Bulgaria for the most widespread perennial plantations, which are the vineyards and are substantiated by economically expedient technologies and machines for soil cultivation suitable for the majority of the agricultural producers, is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the technologies and the machines for their realization are presented.

Problematic issues of tillage on slopes are distinguished and methodological aspects of theoretical analysis and experimental researches and production testing of tillage and sowing machinery under the given conditions, in recognition of preservation of soil fertility, are represented. It is considered that sloping lands can be terraced to reduce water erosion of soil, but it is not always expedient to apply this anti-erosion measure, especially on slopes with low steepness, where the usage of special tools for soil-protective nonmoldboard tillage is preferable. The theoretical background to make calculation of sowing machines that are engineered for the system of precise/specific/accurate farming in fields with a complex terrain is presented.

Considered are the problematic issues of tillage on slopes and presented the methodological aspects of theoretical analysis and experimental research. The production testing of the work of tillage equipment in the circumstances is being taken into account for the conservation of soil fertility. It is considered that the ploughs are often used on sloping lands for primary tillage, although the use of special tools for subsurface of the soil conservation tillage is preferable. Given here are the scientific-theoretical and practical recommendations on the use of the complex contour tillage machines and drainage system in the agriculture fields with complex terrain.