International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

With the progress of the new millennium and the rapid digitization of society, the methods of obtaining information from the Internet are evolving daily. Providing the ability to search using voice commands brings a whole new perspective to search engine optimization. This raises the question of whether traditional optimization methods are applicable to this type of advanced technology and what are the beneficial effects it provides to users?

In this article, it will present you how a bionics technique as technical solutions of Industry 5.0 from nature leads managers to creation a good organisational structure. Industry 5.0 penetrates into the very essence of human existence and the relationship to machinesand automated processes. It is not possible to consider the new industrial revolution without mentioning the more recent scientific disciplinecalled “bionics”. What is bionics? “Bionics would be a return to nature with the aim of finding solutions to technical problems. Thedevelopment of bionics is the key concepts of Industry 5.0 [1].
Bionics is a tool for solving problems in the conceptual and applied phases of design. The goal of bionics is to use biological inspiration in designing organisational structure that mimic the behaviour of living organisms. There are many characteristics that can identify a bionic mechanism. One of the abilities is to work independently in complex environments, can adapt to unplanned and unpredictable changes and perform multi-functional tasks. In every organization, it is most important to know who has the highest authority. Nature offers examples of organizations of other living beings that are effective and work without control, without leaders, without instructions, yet everyone in this organization knows what to do. In this article, the efficiency and working efficiency of insects such as ants in order to create a good organisational structure has been studied.

Using the Sigfox network, one of LPWA (Low Power Wide Area), and the Internet, we developed a temperature, humidity, pressure, and Internet of Things devices with different sensors to measure various physical data. It is much simpler to work with weather data when using OpenWeatherMap’s widely recognizable weather products. In this study, OpenWeatherMap’s meteorological data were captured every 15 minutes using are Sigfox communication, which is one of LPWA. These data were transferred to ThingSpeak using MATLAB analysis and time control of ThingSpeak.

In this paper we have presented a framework, which proposes to adopt blockchain technology for ID card management in Albania, to increase the security and privacy of personal data. The way how the actual ID cards in Albanian tend to offer security is by using a microprocessor, encrypting the data in the card. However, the centralized data management systems have single points of failure that leave the system vulnerable to attack and operational risks such as: (1) inside hacking, where unauthorized changes of personal information may happen from the inside system; (2) fake digital identities creation or (3) sale of personal identity‟s data to third interested parties. An answer to address the above-mentioned drawbacks is a decentralized identity management system, which calls for a user-centered strategy and returns complete identification control to the individual. Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize modern civilizations and their applications. Administrative processes, security, privacy, integrity and confidentiality are some actions that could have an impact. Furthermore, we present an analysis of previous work on blockchain-based identity management and provide a proposal use case applicable in Albania compared to actual implementation.

The need to improve the performance of production systems, related to increasing the level of coordination and integration of all resources and production functions in order to achieve flexibility and higher competitiveness, causes a growing interest in properly describing all processes. The most promising approach is Model Driven Development combined with appropriate standard. The aim of the paper is to propose a model driven development approach for manufacturing execution system based on IEC/EN 622264 standard

Paper focuses on the use of renewable energy sources and in particular the use of water energy. A hydro power plant is a complex of facilities and equipment for converting the energy of the water flow into electrical energy. The advantages of hydro power plants are obvious – a supply of energy constantly renewed by nature itself, simplicity of operation, absence of environmental pollution. Taking into account the growing role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economic development, both of an individual country and on a global scale, as well as the widespread orientation towards the use of renewable energy sources in the production of electricity, the main goal of the current development is the analysis of the operation of the electrical part of a specific hydro power plant with small power. Statistical processing of operational data on the change of certain variables was carried out. In conclusion, it is summarized that the hydro power plant under consideration has good operational indicators.

In the article has been analysed the role of CAD systems in the context of Industry 4.0.The fundamental principles of Industry 4.0 have been viewed and which features of CAD systems meet the principles of Industry 4.0 and which do not.The existing classification of designing have been analyzed and a new concept design classification is proposed,according the principles and the concept of Industry 4.0,whitch is more precise and adequate for smart products..

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are the core of the Fourth industrial revolution and the Industry 4.0 initiative. They are facing many challenges, addressing them requires attracting and using new methods and techniques from the field of artificial intelligence and big data to make intelligent decisions and perform effective data analysis. Тhe paper presents an analyze of the current trends and challenges in the development of cyber-physical systems and the ever-increasing interest in the methods and approaches of artificial intelligence and its application in the life cycle phases of design, analysis, implementation and maintenance of CPS. There are two aspects that are the focus of attention and analysis: (1) the computing by intelligence and (2) the computing for intelligence. Finally some ideas for using different methods and approaches of artificial intelligence for achieving interoperability and autonomy of CPS are proposed.

Solar energy has a drawback when it works individually, because it could not produce electrical energy in rainy and cloudy seasons, and during the night time. Wind energy is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. Therefore, the need to overcome these drawbacks could be by combining two energy resources so that any one source fails the other source will keep generating electricity. In this study, a designed prototype that combines two energy resources wind and solar energy will be constructed and tested. The design will supply the sustainable energy resources without damaging the nature and gives uninterrupted power. Also it works during day time and produce DC power by the solar PV cell which is stored in the battery bank through a hybrid controller, which maximizes charging current and prevents excessive discharge/overcharge. The Wind turbine generator will generate power when wind speed exceeds cut-in speed; wind power is also stored in the battery bank through hybrid controller. Energy stored in the battery is drawn by electrical loads through the inverter, which converts DC into AC power. The inverter has in-built protection for short-circuit, reverse polarity, low battery voltage and over load. The battery bank is sizing to feed loads up to five hours, during non-sun/wind days. The designed prototype has proved to work efficiently for a sustainable electricity supply for 24 hours, the results of this work give an incentive to proceed with building and using such sustainable power generation systems (hybrid) that have proven to be efficient and economically feasible to use for continuous energy generation which is suitable for urban, rural and isolated areas.

The importance of industry 4.0 is increasing continuously in the apparel sector. The evolution in manufacturing with implementation of the new modes of production nowadays is widely known. The benefits that come from each new development in the digital information technology has to be fasten embraced. The main advantage is the improvements of the supply chain efficiency. The innovation based on the industry 4.0 allow companies to optimize their actual production systems and enhance more efficient processes. Smart manufacturing can help the apparel industry more specifically by making the concept of affordable mass customization in reality. This paper helps us understand how industry 4.0 affects manufacturers in the apparel industry. We are going to illustrate this through a case study in a garment factory. There are several ways of advanced digital technologies that can assure high efficiency in the production. The actual production process is batch flow and the company is implementing a new tool which is RFId (Radio-frequency identification or radiofrequency identification) technology. Connected an RFId Tag to a part of the product to be tracked, each piece can be monitored in real time, having all the location and traceability information and machine data in real time piece by piece. Items and products can be monitored as they move through the factory allowing for quick and automatic identification without errors. This allow to maximize the use of production resources and correctly optimize stocks of raw materials.

The paradigm of Industry 4.0 pushes additive manufacturing (AM) from rapid prototyping towards the position of series production. Especially in metal 3D printing, increased attention is being paid to the topics of sustainability and resource efficiency. Energy demand during production and the calculation of building times play a decisive role here. Science has developed models for calculating energy consumption based on analytical and empirical approaches. Building time calculators have been introduced using a wide variety of analytical, analogical and parametric approaches. The present review summarizes the results and the state of the art, illustrates the results graphically and thus paves the way for further research approaches. The specific energy consumption per kilogram of processed material has risen over the last decades, which can be explained by higher technical requirements for production machines. Building time calculations continue to be subject to errors, depending on the type of calculation. The introduction of machine learning approaches has the potential to reduce this discrepancy.

Rapid progress in the field of industrialization and informatization methods has led to huge progress in the development of nextgeneration production technologies. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a pervasive technology, and now it is used in all areas of everyday life, from healthcare to technological production. The new industrial revolution began with connected technologies supported by the Internet of Things. However, the security of the Internet of Things is still an open question since in case of unauthorized access, data from sensors can be changed, for example, by a user with authorized access rights, which can lead to unforeseen consequences.