International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

This study aims to determine the effects of canola biodiesel on engine performance characteristics and torque rise. In the experiments, canola biodiesel (B100) and diesel (B0) were used as fuel with mixtures by introducing canola biodiesel into diesel in proportions of 5% (B5), 10% (B10), 20% (B20), 50% (B50), and 80% (B80). These fuels were tested on an air-cooled direct injection four-cylinder diesel engine. Tests were run based methods indicated by the standard No. TS 1231. According to the results of the study, the engine’s torque rise values for diesel (B0), B5, B10, B20, B50, B80 and biodiesel (B100) fuels were 27%, 26%, 25%, 24%, 23%, 22% and 21% respectively. It was found that the increasing ratio of biodiesel in the mixture reduced the torque rise values. It was observed that the difference between the torque rise values of B5 and B0 were insignificant.

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of previous crop residue (wheat vs. lentil), tillage (reduced tillage vs. no-tillage) and nitrogen source (rhizobial inoculant and fertilizer-N application) on nodul formation, dry matter accumulation and seed yield of double crop soybean. The experiment was laid out as split-split plot with three replications. According to results obtained from the study, previous crop residue affected seed yield, and seed yield after cultivation of lentil was higher than after wheat. Nodul nitrogen content decreased at the reduced tillage, while nodule dry matter and seed yield increased compared to no-tillage system. Rhizobium inoculation alone produced the highest seed yield. However, the addition of N-fertilizer to inoculated soybean did not improve seed yields when compared with inoculated only treatment. This research demonstrates that applying rhizobium inoculation in no-tillage system under lentil residue has the potential in increase nodulation and seed yield of soybean grown double-cropping system.

Irrigated agriculture has brought mechanization applications and thus has increased cotton production area, yield and production quantity in Southeastern part of Turkey. This increase has led to the development of ginning industry in the region. Also it has become important to standardization the cotton ginning and baling. In this study, were investigated and evaluated current situation of the ginning factories in Diyarbakir province. The study was conducted by applying the survey methods to the visited factories. In the survey, respondents were asked questions regarding general information about the factory, current situation, capacity, raw material procurement, marketing, sales and general problems. In study, 50 factories were investigated, which were registered to Diyarbakir Chamber of Trade and Industry. The results obtained from the study show that the 17 factories have closed for several reasons. In particular, it was found that ginning factories do not operate efficiently with regard to the labour force employed and the amount of capital invested. In addition, it was determined what processed and baled cotton sold out of the province of Diyarbakir. Also, it was determined that factories had difficulties working low capacity, were between 60-120 days of annual working time, lack of qualified employee, financial difficulties, couldn’t find quality cotton, insufficient agricultural supports and unstable pricing policies.

Rice harvesting became recently a problem due to shortage of labor and, consequently, the increase of wages in Turkey. The aim of the study was the determination of relationship of combine harvester age and the grain losses during on paddy harvest. This study was conducted at the paddy production field planted with Karacadağ variety in Çınar District of Diyarbakır Province in 2013. The New Holland Combines which has same brand but different ages in series of 2002 model TC 56, 2006 model TC 56, 2007 model TC 56 and 2013 model TC 5070 were used in the field experiments. The header losses, which include shatter losses and cutter bar losses, threshing and separation losses, and cleaning losses were measured in the study. The total of these losses was evaluated as combine loss. According to the results, the harvest loss due to combine changed between 6.67% to 9.23%. The lowest harvesting loss was obtained in 2013 model TC 5070 combine series. This was followed by 2002 model TC 56 with 7.32% loss. This results show that the harvesting loss was not directly depended on combine age, it was affected by the factors such as combine adjustment and maintenance, operator skill, product yield, field conditions.