There is a mixture of different types of radiation in space. It includes both electrically charged particle radiation, electrically neutral particle radiation, and electromagnetic radiation. For this reason, building radiation shields for space equipment or vehicles is a challenge. This work presents old and new solutions for radiation shields that have potential for use in space, along with their advantages and disadvantages.
The type of supply voltage of the coil to achieve maximum induction and uniformity of the magnetic field in the magnetic chamber, where the processed material is determinate. The experimentally obtained dependence curves B=f(U) can be used to optimize the regime parameters when processing various agricultural materials in a magnetic field.
To determine the effect of magnetically treated seeds on the productivity of tomatoes and onion in the area of the Sofia field experimental experiments were carried out with variants with magnetically treated seeds and variants without magnetic treatment of the seeds. Irrigation has been dripped in optimum irrigation mode. The yields obtained with the processed tomato seeds in tomatoes are up to 22% higher than those of untreated and onion onions to 28%, respectively.
In this paper we study the structure, phase composition, microhardness, wear resistance boride coatings obtained on metals and alloys at complex saturation with boron and copper in various physical and chemical conditions, namely carrying satiation without application of an external magnetic field (EMF) and in its simultaneous imposition . Studies have shown that the use of EMF when applying boride coatings allows in 1.5 – 2 times reduce the duration of saturation detail and get coatings with high hardness and wear resistance.
Established that the application EMF on carbon steels formed a continuous, homogeneous boride layer, thickness is 2 times higher than the boriding without EMF. On the diffraction patterns of the surface layers of boride coatings obtained after boriding at application EMF fixed presence phases FeB and Fe2B, the redistribution of the proportion of boride phases, the change of the crystal lattices and the decrease in the volume of the unit lattice phase FeB. When the complex is saturated steel 45 with boron and copper diffusion layer is composed of the phases FeB, Fe2B and Cu. Chemical heat treatment with the simultaneous action of EMF leads to the formation of phases in the diffusion zone FeB and Cu, crack resistance layers obtained after saturation with boron and copper increases to 2.23 MPa · m0,5 compared to 1.12 MPa · m0,5 for boride coatings obtained without action EMF .
Formation diffuse boride layers under the action EMF improves tribological characteristics and leads to an increase in wear resistance of 2.2 – 2.6 times.
In this paper was investigated the formation of complex diffusion boride layers on metastable austenite Cr-Mn-N steel powder method. Calculate the value of the diffusion coefficient in different physical – chemical conditions and the thermodynamic potential chemical reactions. Defined phase composition layers obtained on the metastable austenite Cr-Mn-N steel. It is established that the application of an external magnetic field (EMF) leads to a redistribution of the proportion boride phases in the surface layers, changes the period of crystal lattice and increasing the diffusion coefficient.
In this paper we study the structure, phase composition, microhardness, crack resistance, wear resistance boride coatings obtained at complex saturation with boron and copper in the application of an external magnetic field (EMF). Investigations have shown that this method allows the application of boride coatings in 1.5 – 2 times decrease the duration saturation detail, and receive coating with high hardness, wear resistance, crack resistance.
It is established that the application EMF formed a continuous, homogeneous boride layer with thickness coatings in 2 times higher than boride coatings without EMF for the equal duration of the process. When imposing EMF in boride layers observed the redistribution quantitative relation boride phases, namely: decrease of volume phase FeB, and on diffractograms surface layers boride coatings obtained after boriding fixed presence phases FeB and Fe2B. After complex saturation boron and copper in the application of external magnetic fields fixed phases FeB and Cu.
The researches have shown that the highest spalling stress value is reached in boride phases, obtained in powder environments with copper powder at the application of EMF, and respectively is 420 compared with 225 MPa for coating obtained without EMF. Increased shear stress values in complex layers obtained after saturation with boron and copper caused by the formation of phases more viscosity, for which crack K1c in 1.4 – 2.0 times higher than the initial boride phases FeB and Fe2B.
Application of EMF at boriding improves tribological characteristics of coatings: decreases coefficient of friction and increase in 1.5 – 2.5 times wear resistance.