International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The problem of updating agricultural technology, particularly in the field of agriculture, is important for agriculture. Alternative technology solutions that meet the performance criteria are a prerequisite for successful economic activity.
The aim of the study is to determine the effect of the application of an agro-technical complex of events, which successfully supports the soil fertility of the Planosoils and the sustainable level of productivity of the field crops.
In the field experiment in the station for irrigation agricultural Pazardzhik Valley, in three-polar crop rotation maize-barley-rape are studied three factors – soil tillage system, mineral fertilization and ways of managing plant residues.
The study found that the moisture content of the soil was mainly influenced by the type of treatment applied (loosening as a main plow and plowing as a pre-sowing) and the use of plant residues. The over compaction found in the beginning of the experiment in the 25-40 cm layer is partly overcome by performing a deep rupture to the depth of 35 cm. Despite the short period of the study, there was a certain decrease in the content of digestible potassium forms. The results show the activation of the microbiological activity after planting of the plant residues – an increase of the amount of the cellulose microorganisms and of the ammonifiable bacteria, the most noticeable in the high fertilization rate and the intensive treatments. The main part in the formation of crop rotation productivity is mineral fertilization. The impact of the tillage system is more marked in the first year of maize and especially during the third year of rape. Lack of fertilization influences yields significantly in rapeseed compared to maize and barley.

From 1954 to 1963, approximately 42 million ha of the Southern Russian steppe, of which 6.2 million ha are located in Western Siberia, were converted into large-scale intensive agricultural area. The affected areas are highly vulnerable to wind erosion and the presently ongoing climate change effect. The establishment of sustainable land management practices is essential to secure agricultural production and the further economic development of the region. The assessment and management of the soil water is of great importance for crop yield potentials and protection against wind erosion. The paper presents a meteorological and soil hydrological measuring network. The results showed that the No-Tillage technology gradually formed soil conditions close to the natural dry steppe background. Furthermore, the installed techniques can be used to measure the parameter “actual evapotranspiration” which is a key factor to evaluate climate change impacts.

Production of bulbs from flower crops is one of the most dynamic sectors in specific farming systems. Due to their intensive nature, a rapid change in growing conditions, as they tend to change more quickly than other traditional Bulgarian agricultural crops. To implement specialized farming systems the following important conditions must be available: – the availability of highly specialized staff, familiar with specific biological and physiological characteristics of flower crops, with growing technologies, harvesting, storagе and accelerated production of flowers; – the existence of universal and specialized machines and equipment; – аn environment оф propagation and storage, incl. laboratory facilities and outdoor production areas.

At the present stage soil tillage is done mainly by applying the principles of mechanics. Its development is in three directions: improvement of the working bodies, increasing the productivity of agricultural machinery and power of tractors. All these directions lead to the accumulation of a wide variety of attachments, very large in size and mass of agricultural machines and tractors, which ultimately go to its limits. These features of the present-day stage are exhausted. It is necessary to look for other methods for tillage of the soil, using other principles of the physics or other areas of science.

Evaluation of the performance of soil tillage machines is carried out in one or more indicators making a quantitative comparison between them or their criteria or generalized ones. These methods can provide an independent evaluation of one or another machine. They can not determine the degree of perfection of the machine. Proposed a comprehensive evaluation criterion the degree of perfection of the machines. It is used to estimate the plow, created by us and a standard one. It is proved that the new plow has a degree of perfection – a complex criterion D = 0,727. In this case D – criteria is 1.35 times higher than the standard plow, i.e. the new plow is more sophisticated than the standard, but not ideal.

It is known that the classical plough not fully reverse the soil layer. As a result, the top soil is placed at various depths below the surface of the field. Proposed a plough for fully reverse of the soil layer with extended rear plow body. As a result, an additional resistive force was created which displaces linkage point on the plow. Is obtained analytical dependence for the determination of the displacement of the linkage point of the plow for fully reverse of soil layer. The same relationship is illustrated for different numbers (2 to 10) plow bodies with working width of 35 cm.