International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

This paper examines the prospective role of Bulgaria’s newly established Defense Innovation Center at Sofia Tech Park in strengthening critical infrastructure resilience. Designed in line with NATO and EU standards, the Center is expected to test emerging technologies and develop prototypes, with an initial focus on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and advanced defense systems. The analysis adopts a conceptual approach, outlining potential applications of these dual-use technologies across the energy, communications, cyber, and transport sectors. It also highlights key risks, including funding sustainability, dual-use dilemmas, and continued dependence on external technological ecosystems. By situating the initiative within the broader NATO and EU innovation landscape, the paper underscores both the opportunities and uncertainties of integrating defense-driven innovation into national resilience strategies.

This paper explores the pivotal role of technology and innovation in enhancing the resilience of Bulgaria’s critical infrastructure. It examines the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, digital twins, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), cyber-physical systems (CPS), and big data analytics in sectors like hazardous waste management, border security, and airport security. By analyzing case studies and current implementations, the paper highlights the successes and challenges faced in adopting these technologies. The study also discusses the importance of public-private partnerships and regulatory frameworks in fostering an environment conducive to technological innovation. The findings underscore the necessity for continuous investment in technology to safeguard critical infrastructure against emerging threats and to ensure long-term sustainability.