Machines. Technologies. Materials.
Vol. 19 (2025), Issue 10, pg(s) 421-423

MATERIALS

Extraction of Antimony as a Critical Element from Secondary Waste Sources

  • 1 Department of Engineering Geoecology, University of Mining and Geology, Bulgaria
  • 2 Department of Mineral Processing and Recycling, University of Mining and Geology, Bulgaria

Abstract

Recovering antimony from secondary sources is increasingly important to ensure a sustainable and secure supply of this critical metal. Industrial residues, waste materials, and by-products offer opportunities for recycling and reprocessing, reducing economic dependence on primary ores. This paper reviews potential waste streams and processing methods for achieving high-yield antimony recovery.

Keywords

References

  1. D. Dupont, S. Arnout, P.T. Jones, K. Binnemans, Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review. J. Sustain. Metall. 2, 79–103 (2016).
  2. M. Panayotova, S. Pysmennyi, V. Panayotov, Antimony Recovery from Industrial Residues—Emphasis on Leaching: A Review. Separations, 12, 156 (2025).
  3. A. Bussurmanova, M. Tabylganov, A. Serikbayeva, S. Baimukasheva, M. Kizdarbekova, K. Agaidarova, Methods for processing of antimony-containing materials. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 58(5), 988-998 (2023).

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