International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Planetary power transmission are characterized through more complex design and kinematics parameters compared to involute gear trains with parallel shafts. It has been established that their components should be measured and monitored more frequently in order to avoid intensive wear. The paper presents a design project of an advanced experimental device for measuring vibration and wear of planetary gear components. As it is well known, approaches to direct measuring of wear and vibration parameters are difficult to be implemented in these gear trains. The application possibilities of a measurement system that includes a micro-electro-mechanical system, a temperature sensor and wireless modules assembled in a planetary gear trains have been considered. The advantages of micro-electro-mechanical measurement systems have been analyzed precisely. The main characteristics of micro-electro-mechanical sensors are low power consumption, small size and good control and monitoring capabilities. A suitable advanced methodology for the experimental study of planetary gears has been created as well. Conclusions and recommendations have been deduced.

The primary task of daytime running lights is for road users to perceive the presence of vehicles, as well as other road users, which is a basic prerequisite for safe traffic. The visibility of the vehicle, as well as of other road users, depends on the light intensity and light beam length of passenger vehicles. As the impact of daytime running lights on improving road safety has not been fully researched, in this paper the lights intensity and length of the light beam in passenger motor vehicles was measured and analysed. The research was done during the technical inspection of the vehicle (at the “Tachograph” technical inspection in Kragujevac). The results show that low beams are more efficient in illuminating the road compared to high beams, while there is no significant difference in light intensity between left and right vehicle headlights.

The article presents the design of a flexible screw sectional working body that will improve the functional and operational characteristics of screw conveyors during the utilization of the removed contaminated soil layer. A mathematical model of the dynamic system of a flexible screw conveyor was created, and dynamic starting torques were calculated at the rated load of the loaded screw and when the system was braked. The analysis of the results shows that with significant damping coefficients, the startup transient process is smooth and the load reaches its nominal value without fluctuations in torque and speed.

This study focuses on the development of modular flue gas waste heat exchangers designed for integration with organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems within the cement industry. The design and implementation of this system involved comprehensive engineering analyses to address challenges like corrosion and thermal stratification. These heat exchangers, the first of their kind to be produced in Turkey, are compatible with Industry 4.0 standards and offer the capability to convert waste gases into electrical energy without the need for water. This pioneering technology plays a significant role in promoting eco-friendly industrial practices by reducing carbon emissions and supporting the transition to greener energy solutions.

This paper discusses the production and functionality of bladder tanks used in fire protection systems. These tanks, comprising a tank, membrane, and proportioner pressurized through a single line, are designed to mix water and foam concentrate in a controlled manner to create an effective extinguishing medium. The bladder tank technology is renowned for its reliability and precision, making it a popular choice in fixed fire protection systems.

An innovative device and a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technology have been developed to produce porous composite materials by using two types of waste raw materials: residual biomass from agricultural production and municipal waste. Heattreated rice husk and ground waste glass were used as main components. The technological approach presented here allows for the preparation of “breathable” porous materials with the predominant presence of open pores and increased specific surface area. A promising possibility for the application of the developed materials is their use in bulk or in the preparation of various composite building elements based on inorganic binders. Recipes and an adequate technological regime have been developed taking into account the design characteristics of the production facility, the specificity of the waste raw materials used and the intended target performance of the products.

Drying of materials is a complex technological process used in various industries and is often one of the main stages of production. This process, in particular for bulk materials, depends on humidity, particle size, hydrodynamic conditions of the particles flowing through the drying agent and environmental parameters. Grain dryers expose grain to harsher conditions than natural drying, which can potentially lead to a deterioration in grain quality. The combination of these factors determines the nature of the entire process. In agricultural production, the drying stage is one of the most important for grain preservation. Currently, the convective drying method is widely used for this process. However, along with its advantages, this method also has a number of significant disadvantages, one of the most important of which is its high energy consumption. In this regard, scientific research is being intensively conducted to develop ways and methods to reduce the energy intensity of the convective drying method. The effects of vibration on raw materials are being rapidly introduced in various industries. The use of vibration technologies during drying intensifies the process of processing grain raw materials due to the rapid renewal of its surface in contact with the drying agent. Fast and efficient drying with vibration technology reduces moisture content and the risk of fungi and mold in the grain. The construction of the dryer using vibration technology helps to avoid overheating of the grain, providing optimal temperature conditions, which contributes to the preservation of nutrients and other useful properties of bulk agricultural materials.

Roller leveling is a technological process of metal forming, used to minimize the flatness of sheet blanks and reduce the level of residual stresses. When leveling, the workpiece is subjected to cyclic alternating bending with decreasing amplitude. The report presents an experimental testing set-up designed and used to model the leveling process. The equipment is described and the first results are presented.

The analysis of the theoretical studies carried out on the technological process of the hydraulic ram method of water lifting from watercourses to improve the design and technological scheme of a hydraulic ram pumping unit is given.
The design and technological scheme of an improved hydraulic ram pumping unit developed at Kazakh National Agrarian Research University for water lifting from watercourses for watering pastures and irrigation of land plots of peasant and farm farms of the agro–industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan is presented and theoretical prerequisites for determining the main parameters of a hydraulic ram pumping unit and the main criteria for their improvement are given.

The publication presents systematized information on safety valves, as an important element ensuring the safe operation of highrisk equipment operating under pressure. Specific information and operating characteristics of the types of relief valves fitted to pressure equipment are shown.

The article illustrates how, taking into account the achievements in science and technology, the kinematic chain from the driving force (engine) to the executive body (spindle) was shortened and became the shortest in the form of a motor-spindle. On the examples of lathes and milling machines, places of possible limitation of spindle rotation frequencies are highlighted. A self-acting motor-spindle, which has rotary and translational motion, is proposed.

Exergy analysis results for the Whole observed steam Turbine and each of her cylinders at three loads are presented in this paper.
Observation of all cylinders shows that LPC (Low Pressure Cylinder) is the dominant mechanical power producer at the highest observed load, while at partial loads the dominant mechanical power producer is IPC (Intermediate Pressure Cylinder). At Load 100% Whole Turbine produces mechanical power equal to 341.11 MW. IPC is the cylinder with the lowest exergy destruction and the highest exergy efficiency (higher than 95%) at all observed loads. The exergy efficiency of the Whole Turbine (WT) continuously increases during the increase in turbine load (WT exergy efficiency is the lowest at Load 50% and equal to 91.36%, while at the Load 100% WT exergy efficiency is the highest and equal to 92.93%). Analyzed turbine is projected to operate dominantly on the Load 100% because at that load the exergy efficiencies of all cylinders and Whole Turbine are higher than 91%.