Mechanization in agriculture & Conserving of the resources
Vol. 66 (2022), Issue 2, pg(s) 61-65

MECHANIZATION IN AGRICULTURE

Determınatıon of the dust concentratıon of hazelnut threshıng machınes

  • 1 Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Agriculture Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the dust concentration values formed in the environment during the use of hazelnut threshing machines, determine the effects on the employees, and reveal solution suggestions to reduce the dust concentration value. The most distinctive difference that distinguishes Turkish hazelnut varieties from other country varieties is that the fruit husks of Turkish varieties are long and tightly wrap the fruit, and threshing is required. During the threshing process, dust particles (fine soil, sand, husk and grass particles, Etc.) are dispersed intensively from the husk-blowing unit of the machine and the air outlet of the fan. A handheld particle measuring device with a particle size range of 0.3…5 μm was used to determine the dust concentration emitted from the machine to the atmosphere during the blending process. As a result of the measurements, dust concentrations of PM1 (1 μm), PM2.5 (2.5 μm), and PM5 (5 μm) were determined in μg/m3 air. The dust levels formed in the environment during the hazelnut threshing machines were compared by considering the dust concentration threshold limit of 4 mg/m3 air specified in the occupational health and safety legislation and regulations.

Keywords

References

  1. Cecchini, M., M. Guerrieri, A. Colantoni, D. Monarca, L. Bedini, F. Cavariani, M. Pagano. A device for dust reduction during mechanized harvesting of hazelnuts. In Proceedings: International Conference RAGUSA SHWA (pp. 3-6). 2012.
  2. Sokolik, I. N., D. M. Winker, G. Bergametti, D. A. Gillette, G. Carmichael, Y. J. Kaufman, J. E. Penner. Introduction to special section: Outstanding problems in quantifying the radiative impacts of mineral dust. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 106(D16), 18015-18027. 2001.
  3. ASLAN, S., & A. AYBEK. Tarımda Partikül Madde Maruziyetinin Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri, Araştırma Konuları ve Politikalar. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, 12(3), 177-189.
  4. Beyhan, M.A. Ülkemiz Koşullarına Uygun Aspiratörlü bir Fındık Hasat Makinasının Tasarımı ve İmalatı. Doktora Tezi (basılmamış), Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara. 1992.
  5. KALIN, K. M., & M. A. BEYHAN. Mekanize fındık hasadı ile toplanan fındığın yatay hava tünelinde taş ve topraktan temizlenme olanaklarının incelenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 34(2), 156-163. 2018.
  6. Beyhan, M. A., A. Tekgüler, T. Yıldız, & H. Sauk. Investigation of the performance of a hazelnut husker design used in Turkey. Biosystems engineering, 103(2), 159-166. 2009.
  7. Tarım İşletmelerinde Tozla Mücadele Rehberi. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Genel Müdürlüğü, Bakanlık Yayın No: 59 ISBN: 978- 975-455-263-8, Ankara. 2016.
  8. www.csgb.gov.tr (Date of access: 13.02.2022 – 09:52).
  9. Sauk, H. Türkiye'de düz ve düze yakınarazilerde yetiştirilen fındığın mekanik hasat olanaklarının incelenmesi. 2016.
  10. https://www.airnow.gov/aqi/aqi-basics/ (Date of access: 19.02.2022 / 11:06).
  11. Bogman, P., W. Cornelis, H. Rollé, D. Gabriels, Prediction of TSP and PM10 emissions from agricultural operations in Flanders, Belgium. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference “Transport and Air Pollution”, Graz, Austria, 1–3 June 2005; pp. 1–3.
  12. Downey, D., D. Giles, J. Thompson, In situ transmissiometer measurements for real-time monitoring of dust discharge during orchard nut harvesting. J. Environ. Qual. 2008, 37, 574–581. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  13. https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15957:ed-1:v1:en ISO 15957. (Date of Access: 12.02.2022 – 09:36)
  14. https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:16890:-1:ed- 1:v1:en ISO 16890. (Date of Access: 16.02.2022–14:36)
  15. Zhang, P., H. Xu, Z. Hu, Y. Chen, M. Cao, Z. Yu, & E. Mao, Characteristics of Agricultural Dust Emissions from Harvesting Operations: Case Study of a Whole-Feed Peanut Combine. Agriculture, 11(11), 1068. 2021.
  16. Fedrizzi, M., M. Pagano, C. Perrino, M. Cecchini, M. Guerrieri, P. Gallo, & M. Biocca, Inhalable dust emission in hazelnuts mechanical harvesting (Corylus avellana L.): test of a low impact suction-type pneumatic collector. In Proceedings: International Conference RAGUSA SHWA (pp. 3-6). 2012.
  17. Cavariani, F., & L. Bedini, Problematiche nella valutazione dell'esposizione a polveri contenenti Silice. Proceedings: “Seminario di studio “Patologie da silice:
  18. silicosi, cancro ed altre malattie” Trento, 8 maggio 2001, 59-76. 2011.
  19. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).2013. Vol:78 No:10
  20. Pye, K. Aeolian Dust and Dust Deposits; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2015.
  21. HINZ, T., B. RÖNNPAGEL, & S. LINKE, Particulate Matter in and from Agriculture. Landbauforschung Völkenrode, Sonderheft 235. 2002.
  22. Chen, W., D. Q. Tong, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, & H. Zhao, Local PM10 and PM2.5 emission inventories from agricultural tillage and harvest in northeastern China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 57, 15-23. 2017.
  23. Bogman, P., W. Cornelis, H. Rolle, D. Gabriels, Prediction of TSP and PM10 emissions from agricultural operations in Flanders, Belgium. http://www.dustconf.com/CLIENT/ 2015.
  24. Cassel, T., K. Trzepla-Nabaglo, R. Flocchini, PM10 emission factors for harvest and tillage of row crops. http://www.epa. gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei12/poster/cassel.pdf. 2003.
  25. Goossens, D. Wind erosion and tillage as a dust production mechanism on North European farmland. Wind Erosion and Dust Dynamics: Observations, Simulations, Modelling. ESW Publications, Department of Environmental Sciences, Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 15-40. 2004.
  26. Zoppello G., D. P. Tempia, Considerazoni su una Nuova Macchina Per la Raccolta delle Nocciole. L’Infarmatore Agrario, XLIV (9), Verona: 105-114. 1988.
  27. Fanigliulo R., R. Tomasone , Operative Performance and Work Quality of a Hazelnut Pick-Up Machine. ISHS Acta Horticultural 845: VII International Congress on Hazelnut. 2009.

Article full text

Download PDF