International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

This study was carried out to determine the dust concentration values formed in the environment during the use of hazelnut threshing machines, determine the effects on the employees, and reveal solution suggestions to reduce the dust concentration value. The most distinctive difference that distinguishes Turkish hazelnut varieties from other country varieties is that the fruit husks of Turkish varieties are long and tightly wrap the fruit, and threshing is required. During the threshing process, dust particles (fine soil, sand, husk and grass particles, Etc.) are dispersed intensively from the husk-blowing unit of the machine and the air outlet of the fan. A handheld particle measuring device with a particle size range of 0.3…5 μm was used to determine the dust concentration emitted from the machine to the atmosphere during the blending process. As a result of the measurements, dust concentrations of PM1 (1 μm), PM2.5 (2.5 μm), and PM5 (5 μm) were determined in μg/m3 air. The dust levels formed in the environment during the hazelnut threshing machines were compared by considering the dust concentration threshold limit of 4 mg/m3 air specified in the occupational health and safety legislation and regulations.

The problem of air pollution with fine particulate matter and aerosols is more than topical and extremely serious. There is a need to develop and build reliable geographically distributed air quality monitoring networks to enable real-time data collection. The analysis of such data would help identify the origin of the particles and timely operational measures by the authorities. The research aims at the development of a mobile modular station with autonomous power supply and the experimental feasibility study and as a first step in the construction of a complete network.

In this research we investigate the minor chemical elements contain in the particulate matter (PM) exhaust emissions, generated from in – use light duty Diesel combustion engine vehicles. For this purpose we apply high resolution optical emission spectroscopy technique, for precise spectrochemical analysis of Diesel particulate matter (DPM). By means of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analytical method we analyse PM from different on road Diesel engine vehicles. DPM were obtained from miscellaneous inuse Diesel engine passenger vehicles of diverse types and models from major brand car producers in Europe.

The object of this investigation was the synergy effect achieved by combining lidar monitoring of particulate matter (PM) pollution in atmospheric aerosol over urban areas (city of Sofia) with in-situ sampling. The lidar systems of the Laser Radar Laboratory (LRL) of the IE-BAS were used to scan at two laser wavelengths the horizontal and vertical aerosol distributions and long-distance transport. The results demonstrated the possibility of detailed fast remote monitoring and analysis of the air pollution over entire urban regions, providing fast estimates of the air pollution transport over the city, as well as detection of sources of extreme emissions. Once the place of high PM concentration was localized by the lidar, samples were taken using a Hygitest 106 (Maimex) – a high-efficiency portable device for sampling and concentration determination of PM in atmospheric aerosol. The data presented pertains to the winter period 2018 year. PM pollutions than 10 and 2.5 μm were under studied. The lidar maps created can be further used for tracing the full air mass transport carrying contaminations from various pollution sources (chemical, biological, dust, etc), distributed over the scanned region. Further, the sampling schedule was conformed with the seasons of the year, in order to reveal any characteristic seasonal hazardous microbial contamination.

The paper discusses the problem of exhaust emissions from farm machinery. The paper presents selected results of the measurements of exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOx, PM) from farm machinery under actual operating conditions, during fieldwork. For the tests, the authors used a portable exhaust emissions analyzer (PEMS) for the measurement of gaseous exhaust emissions and for the measurement of the emissions of particulate matter. The analyzers provide an on-line measurement of the concentrations of the exhaust components under actual operating conditions. The tests performed under actual operating conditions provide invaluable information regarding the exhaust emissions. In the paper, the authors analyzed the relations between the engine operating parameters and the exhaust emissions. Despite differences in the methodology, the authors also presented a comparison of the obtained results with the currently applicable exhaust emission limits in order to draw attention to this issue.