International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Vehicles, such as buses which are massive and have a very high centre of gravity, they have a lower resistance to overturning than other vehicles. The studies have shown that deformations can especially occur in the body structure. Some deformations that can occur in carrier elements during an accident make the vehicle a vital danger area for drivers and passengers. The aim of this study is to examine the protection of the passengers in the bus by means of constructive developments to be made within the body structure. ECE R66 legal regulations which are issued by the European Union (EU) and (Economic Commission for Europe Regulation 66- Provisions on the Approval of Major Passenger Vehicles for Resistance to the Construction of the Skeleton) for the buses were developed to protect passengers’ habitats in overturning accidents. This work focuses to reach constructive solutions for costing, manufacturing and, safety which provided conditions for the body structure during rollover behaviour of the vehicle. Computer simulations and analysis have been performed to examine the strength of the cross-section of the body structure. The methods specified in the standard for calculating the rollover behaviour of the vehicle have been implemented and concluded. The results obtained from all these analyses produced constructive solutions and optimizations for the design of intercity buses.

Every object in nature has an infinite number of vibration frequency and amplitude as called “Natural Vibration Frequency”. Developing computer capacities allow calculating of natural frequencies and shapes of complex structures more accurate and understandable. In this study, a dual-trolley (2×400 tons) heavy-duty overhead gantry crane that can carry loads up to 800 tons was analysed by mathematical and finite element methods. The mathematical method is based on Euler-Bernoulli transverse vibration approach. On the other hand, finite element method is one of the most common numerical methods that can solve many engineering problems in a range from solid mechanics to acoustic. The generated solid model was analysed by the finite element method with the help of ANSYS Workbench 14.5 which is a commonly used analysis program. The obtained values of natural frequencies at mathematical calculations and finite element analysis were compared and presented.