International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The performance and combustion emissions of diesel engine can be modified using various chemical fuel additives. Fuel additives consist of a variety of chemical compounds. It contains chemical elements such as: hydrocarbons, C11-C14, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics aromatics, cycloalkane, 2-ethylhexyl nitrates. Analysis has been conducted on diesel fuel and diesel fuel and additives blends. Fuel additives No.1, No.2 and No.3 consisting of these chemical elements have been analysed. The obtained results show, that the amounts of carbon monoxide emissions at low engine loads (IMEP = 0.32 MPa) increases up to 35% compared to pure diesel fuel. While using additives, the hydrocarbons emissions at low engine loads almost doubles compared to pure diesel fuel. The break specific fuel consumption with the engine powered by pure diesel fuel was lowest in all modes. The highest increase on in cylinder pressure 11% was only determined with the fuel additive No.3 at the maximum load of 1.12 MPa at the speed of 1800 rpm.

Vehicles growth has continuous negative influence on air pollution problem especially in urban areas. Exhaust emissions from vehicles contribute for a significant amount of toxic air polluters, harmful both for the environment and health. This underlines the need for development and implementation of technological measures aimed towards emission control and reduction. Technological measures are under continuous research and innovative development, and as a result vehicles have the opportunity to be equipped with different solutions for emission control. Used technological measures at the moment, as well as the next generation measures are all included in the categorized review presented is this paper. Also, a suitable kind of technological measures for countries like Macedonia without industry for car production and with older vehicle fleet are presented.

The paper discusses the problem of exhaust emissions from farm machinery. The paper presents selected results of the measurements of exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOx, PM) from farm machinery under actual operating conditions, during fieldwork. For the tests, the authors used a portable exhaust emissions analyzer (PEMS) for the measurement of gaseous exhaust emissions and for the measurement of the emissions of particulate matter. The analyzers provide an on-line measurement of the concentrations of the exhaust components under actual operating conditions. The tests performed under actual operating conditions provide invaluable information regarding the exhaust emissions. In the paper, the authors analyzed the relations between the engine operating parameters and the exhaust emissions. Despite differences in the methodology, the authors also presented a comparison of the obtained results with the currently applicable exhaust emission limits in order to draw attention to this issue.